Biomass estimation and distribution of Sargassum glaucescens in the Oman Sea (Iranian coastline)

The brown algae of Sargassum glaucescens is found all along the coastal waters of Sistan and Balouchestan province in the Oman Sea. This species as a raw material can be used in different industries and is considered as an economical marine resources. In order to determine the distribution pattern and biomass of this species eleven growing regions were surveyed from Gwatr area in east and Miedany in west. The sampling were carried out monthly in inter-tidal zone and seasonally in subtidal zone. After sampling, the wet-and dry weight, mean length of taIls and number of branches were measured. Also, some physical and chemical parameters were measured. The results showed that brown algae is distributed all along the studied area in the second half of the year, meanwhile in the Gwatr area is found all seasons. The mean biomass of S. glaucescen,y in Gwatr, Chabahar, Tang and Galak was estimated 629.9, 235.5,314.4 and 127.5 g/m2, respectively

Identification of seaweed in Sistan and Baluchestan Province coastal zone

Identification of seaweed in Sistan & Baluchestan province was carried out from Gwatr area (with 25 ᵒ, 10’N, 61ᵒ, 30'E) to Mydani (25ᵒ, 24’N, 59ᵒ, 5' E) during one year (starting from December 1998 to November 1999). Seasonally sampling in subtidal area (by diving) and monthly sampling in intertidal area, were done. The samples were transferred to the lab and fixed with formalin 4%. The seaweed were recognized according to the present references. The photographs were taken and herbarium sheet obtained. The samples were send to experts (such as Dr. Tesng from China, Dr. Wynne from USA and Ms. Qari from Pakistan) for final approval. During this research 83 species (68 of which were recognized as species and 15 as genus) were identified. Among identified seaweeds, there are some important ones such as: Green seaweed (Ulvaceae, Ulvales); Red seaweed (Gigartinales, Gilidaceae, Nemaliales, Hypneaceae, Gracilariaceae) and Brown seaweed (Sargaceae, Fucales)

The marine algae of the Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran

The identification of marine algae in the Sistan and Baluchestan Province were performed from December 1998 to November 1999 at the coastal area of Gwatr (25 10´ N; 61 30´ E) and Mydani (25 24´ N; 59 5´ E). Data on vegetation were gathered in subtidal and intertidal zones by seasonal and monthly sampling, respectively. Samples were transferred to the laboratory and fixed in 4% formalin. According to some references the marine algae were recognized. Also, the herbarium sheet and algal photos were obtained. To final approval, the prepared samples were send to scientific centers of America, Chana and Pakistan (Wynn; Tseng and Qari, 1999). There are a number of genera and species of main algae consisting of Ulvaceae in green algae, Gildiaceae, Gracilariacea and Hypneacea in Red algae and Sarggaceae in brown algae

Identification and distribution of subtidal seaweeds in the Oman Sea

The coastal zone of the Oman Sea (Sistan and Baluchestan province) with 300 Km length is a rich habitat of different species of seaweeds. In order to determine the species identification and distribution of seaweeds, 11 stations were selected and samplings were carried out seasonally by scuba-diving method. During this study, 42 species of seaweeds were identified consist of: 3 species of green algae, 17 species of brown algae and 22 species of red algae. The dominant species of brown algae were: Stoechospermum marginatum, Padina australis, Dictyota sp., Sargassum glaucescens and Cystoseira indica. Some important and commercial species of red algae are: Gracilaria corticata, Gelidiella acerosa, Gelidium micropterum, Hypnea musciformis. The green algae were found only in Passabandar and Chabaharegions with the main species of Ulva fasciata. Along with sampling, some environmental factors were measured including: sea and ambient temperature, salinity, pH, growing depth, D.O., substrate structures and slope and transparency. The maximum and minimum growing depth of seaweeds were found in Tang and Gwatr areas, respectively

Biomass estimation of seaweeds in the intertidal waters of the Oman Sea along the coasts of Sistan-o-Baluchistan Province

Sampling and determination of seaweed biomass was carried out in the Oman Sea coasts along the intertidal waters of Sistan & Baluchistan province stretching 300Km from Guater area to Jood from October 2001 to September 2002. The regions covered included Guater, Passabandar, Beris, Kachoo, Ramin, Chabahar, Pozm, Gurdim, Tang, and Jood as sampling stations from east to west. The intertidal zone was determined by measuring and recording of geographical positions by GPS. Fifteen transects were aligned randomly each month with equal distance to the coast. All sampling attempts were made by applying quadrats 50*50cm in dimension. The samples were transferred to the lab and the weight of each species was measured after being cleaned, and identified. The biomass of each species per unit area and in the total area was obtained after determining the average weight of species. During the research, 69 species were collected, of which, 16 species were green algae, 18 species were brown algae and 35 species were red algae. There were some important families including green algae (Ulvaceae and Caulerpaceae), brown algae (Sargassaceae and Dictyotaceae) and red algae (Gracilariaceae, Gelidiaceae and Hypneaceae). Wet biomass of seaweeds in the total area of Sistan & Baluchestan coasts was 10286340.3 kg of which 2645192.1kg (25.7%) were green algae, 2955963.9kg (28.7%) were brown algae and 4685184.2 kg (45.5%) were red algae. The estimated monthly average was 264522.3, 295327.9 and 467089.7Kg for green, brown and red algae respectively. The maximum biomass was 15.4kg/m ^(2) seen in Chabahar and the minimum biomass was 4.9kg/m ^(2) obtained in Pozm

Density, biomass and frequency of three main species of Brown Algae

A series of research cruises were carried out in intertidal zones of Sistan-o- Baluchestan province in 1998. Four region of Gwatr, Chabahar, Tang and Galak were selected as sampling stations to collect samples from brown algae consist of: Sargassum glaucescens, Cystoseira indica and Nizamuddinia zanardini. This study was done monthly in one year period and recorded parameters were density, frequency and biomass. The results showed that the mean relative density of Sargassum in Gwatr, Chabahar, Tang and Galak were estimated 22.17, 8.48, 6.74 and 7.74 %, and for Cystoseira indica were 43.18, 11.95, 22.37 and 37.71%, respectively. The algae of Nizamuddin zanardinii was found only in two regions of Chabahar and Tang with 32.85 and 50.48% of relative density. The minimum frequency of Sargassum was found from May to August and for Cystoseira Was from June to August with 12. 5q and for Nizamuddinia was in August-September with 0.0%. On the other hand, the maximum frequency for three species were recognized from October to February with 100.0% frequency for Sargassum and Cystoseira, and 50.0% for Nizamuddinia. Also, the annual wet biomass in regions or Gwatr, Chabahar, Tang and Galak were estimated separately for each species consist of: - Sargassum glaucescens with 626.9, 117.8, 183.4 and 42.5 g/m2 - Cystoseira indica with 739.9, 95.2, 504.5 and 436.7 g/m2 - Nizamuddinia zanardini with 1352.2 and 1208.5 g/m2 in two regions of Chabahar and Tang

The biomass of the medicinal red algae (Rhodophyta) in the intertidal zone of the Chabahar coasts

Monthly sampling of red algae was carried out from April 2005 to March 2006 in Chabahar coasts (southestern of Iran) along Sistan & Baluchistan province coastal waters. We considered monthly periods of maximum tide according to tide tables. Then seaweed growth area in intertidal zones was determind through GPS, GIS and satellite imagery. Monthly sampling was conducted on a number of transects with equal distance and in randomly chosen 50×50cm quadrates. The samples were transfered to Offshore Waters Research Center’s lab and after cleaning and separating, the weight of each species recognized was measuerd according to the present references. The biomass of each species was obtained per area unit and in the total area after determing the average weight of species. During this research, 13 species of medicinal red algae were recognized, and the most important families included: Gelidiaceae, Gracilariaceae, Hypneaceae and Rhodomelaceae. Total biomass in the area of Chabahar Coasts were 865.2 tons and the monthly average was 72.1 tons. The maximum biomass was obtained in February as 149.8 tons (828g/m2) and the minimum biomass was seen in May as 16.3 tons (90.2g/m2 ). The maximum biomass belonged to Gracilaria corticata (%33.1) and the minimum biomass to Hypnea pannosa (%1)

Distribution and estimation of washed out seaweeds biomass in Oman Sea coastal waters

This study was carried out to determine the seaweed biomass in the coast of Sistan & Baluchestan Province. Beris, Chabahar, Pozm and Tang were introduced as high density zones and Jood & Lipar were selected as low density zones. Among 354.2 km of investigated coastal area, 18.2 km were high density zone and 281.5 km were low density zone. Three transects were fixed in study areas and sampling randomly was done monthly. The samples were measured in area after being cleaned, and separating. During this research, 9 genus were collected. Among these seaweeds, 2 genus were green algae (composed of 2 families and 2 orders), 6 genera of brown algae (composed of 3 families and 3 orders) and 1 genus of red algae. Wet biomass of Sargassum genus in the total area of Sistan & Baluchestan coasts was 445.9 tons in 2012. Among this biomass, 269.1 tons (60.35%) was found in high density area and 176.8 tons (39.65%) in low density zone. The maximum biomass, 270.4 tons (high density zone: 155.5 and low density zone: 114.9 tons) was obtained in December, and the lowest biomass, 3.5 tons was obtained in March

Extraction and identification of steroids in two species marine algae, Sargassum oligocystum and Nizamudiinia zanardinii in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Sargassum oligocystum and Nizamudiinia zanardinii are the most abundant algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of S. oligocystum by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and N. zanardinii by methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from HNMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above algae were identified as 22-dehydrocholesterol (1) cholesterol (2) fucosterol (3) 29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (4) 24-hydroperoxy-24- vinylcholesterol (5) a mixture of 24(S)-hydroxy-24-vinylcholesterol (6) and 24(R)-hydroxy-24- vinylcholesterol (7) and ostreasterol (8) based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature

Determing some important extracted materials, such as: Alginates of sodium & calcium and alginic acid in three species of brown seaweeds (Sargassum illicifolium, Cystoseira indica and Nizimuddinia zanardinii) in coastal area of Sistan and Baluochestan Province

This study was determined some important extracted materials, Such as : Alginates of sodium & calcium and alginic acid in three species of brown seaweeds (Sargassum illicifolium , Cystoseira indica and Nizimuddinia zanardinii) during in different season in 1387 in coastal erea of Sistan and Baluochestan Provience. At First seaweeds sample were colected from sea beach and transferd to lab, so washed in fresh water and dried in the sun. So were under Alkaloid extraction with sodium carbonate (5 Persent), that were obtined fluid after filteration. The sodium alginate fibers extracted from fluid were combined by Alcohol. The calacium alginate fibers were deposited by calacium chlorids (5%) and Alginic acid resulted with chloridric acid (1N). The extraction yield of sodium alginate, calacium alginate and alginic acid in different samples of seaweeds with following Explaination: The presentage we have got, can be said , the present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ) Respectively: 28.4±2 , 28.9±2 , 27.2±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 19.7±1.4, 18.6±1.4, 19.2±1.3 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 23.4±1.5, 23.8±1.5 , 20.6±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ): 33.7±0.5, 33.7±0.8, 33.1±1 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 28.8±1.5, 27.4±1, 27.4±1.5 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 35.9±2.8, 23.9±1.5 , 35.9±2.8 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ): 19.2±1.6 , 25.6±1.7 , 18.4±1.1 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 16.8±1.2, 15.8±1.1, 16.4±1 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 19.2±1.6, 19.6±1.7 , 18.4±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ) Respectively: 20.8±1, 21±1, 27.8±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 13.2±1, 14.1±0.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 25.3±2.3, 16.7±2.1, 15.3±1.3 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 29.5±2.1 , 29.7±2 , 28.3±2.2 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 20.2±0.9, 20±0.7 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 25.3±2.3, 29.7±2 , 23.1±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 19.5±0.7 , 19.7±0.6 , 18.7±0.7 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 11.5±1.4, 11.1±1.5 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 14.8±1.3, 15.3±1.3 , 14.6±1 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar) Respectively: 31.5±4.3, 31.6±4.8, 29.4±4.8 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 23±2.7, 21.4±2.8, 21.4±2.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 25.8±2.2, 26.4±2.1 , 23.4±1.9 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 43.3±1.6, 42.8±2.7, 41.7±2.9 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 34.3±5.9, 32.4±5.5, 30.9±5.2 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 50±7.1, 50.2±7.5, 45.6±5.2 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 28±3.8, 28±3.5, 26±3.9 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 20.2±1.8, 19.2±2.1, 18.7±1.6 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 25.9±3, 26.1±2.9, 24.6±3.6 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar) Respectively: 35±1.6, 35.2±1.8 , 33.8±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 24.1±2, 22.9±1.2, 23.3±0.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 28.2±1.3, 29.2±1.7, 26.2±1.8 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 45.6±1.9, 45±2, 44.6±2.5 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 38.2±2.8, 35.9±3.4, 35.6±3.5 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 56.4±3.5, 56±3.5, 51.8±2.5 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 31.8±1.2, 32.1±0.9, 30.9±1.2 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21.1±1.2, 20.4±1.4, 19.3±1.4 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 26.4±2.1, 27±2.2, 24.6±2.2 in these three areas. The more amount of calacium alginate in Autumn can be found at Nizimuddinia in Tang area , wite amount of 50.2 present and the lates amount of Alginic acid at Cystoseira can be found in Summer with 11.1 present. If the Alginic acid become more than 20 present, it can be economical, that it can be showed more than 20 present in Autumn and Winter. According to this results, One way ANOVA showed that average of Alginates were not similar and significant differences ( P<0.05 ) between species