Metabolic syndrome severity score in the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population: A cross-sectional survey of Bandare-Kong Cohort Study (the findings of PERSIAN Cohort Study)

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the presence of several metabolic risk factors. The traditional MetS criteria have been considered insufficient for evaluating individuals at risk. MetS has always been categorized using binary criteria, which deny that the risk associated with MetS is likely to exist as a continuum. Also, MetS may present differently depending on age, sex, race, or ethnicity. We aimed to derive age-sex-specific equations for MetS severity scores within a southern Iranian population.MethodsThis study used first-phase data from the Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) Cohort Study as part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). After exclusion of the pregnant women, diabetic patients, and individuals taking antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic medications, 2,735 individuals aged 35 to 70 years were selected for analysis. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria for the Iranian population. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to formulate MetS severity scores. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to validate MetS severity score equations for age-sex-specific categories.ResultsTriglyceride had the highest factor loading range in all age-sex categories for determining the MetS severity score. Conversely, systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) exhibited the lowest factor loadings across all age-sex groups. In both sexes, when age was considered, systolic blood pressure and FPG factor loadings were less significant among subjects aged ≥45 and 35–44 years, respectively.ConclusionMetS severity scores might be more applicable than the current criteria of MetS. Prospective population-based studies should be conducted to assess the accuracy and validity of the MetS severity score for predicting cardiometabolic diseases

Designing a Valid and Reliable Tool for Assessing Academic Educational Environment in Health Schools of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences

Background & Objective: Educational environment is an important determinant in success of a curriculum. The quality of educational environment is one of the elements of effective learning. The aim of this study was designing a valid and reliable tool for assessing academic educational environment in schools of health. Methods: Using a theoretical sampling method, eight students and three faculty members of School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were interviewed and 81 items related to educational environment were extracted. These items were classified in six domains including school atmosphere, teaching, faculty members, students, educational equipments and facilities, and physical environment. Expert panels and assessing item impact were used to determine face validity, and content validity ratio and index were used to determine content validity of the tool. To determine its construct validity, 250 students in completed the questionnaires and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Reliability of the tool was determined by Cronbach’s Alpha and intracluster correlation coefficient. Results: Due to expert panel and calculating item impact, and content validity ratio and index, the tool items decreased from 81 to 56. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all of factor loadings were significant in level of 0.05. Cronbach’s Alpha for total items was 0.94 and for six domains ranged from 0.65 to 0.85. Moreover, intracluster correlation coefficient for total items was 0.94. Conclusion: The designed tool has good validity and reliability and can be used as a suitable tool for assessing academic educational environment in schools of health. Keywords Educational environment School of health Questionnaire Validity Reliabilit

Comparative of Student Learning Barriers in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Conditional and Non-Conditional

Introduction: One of the important specification’s human it’s learning ability and it make difference between human and animals. Learning can make critical thinking in person. Universities are principle seat of learning and undoubtedly this mission is possible by learning. The principal aim of education is student’s learning by teachers. Therefore one of the most important functions of university, to make available at the facilities for learning and fond the factors that prevent the learning. So this study designed to determine the learning obstacles of students of Hormozgan University of medical sciences. Methods: In this case – control study, the research individuals include students of medical faculty, preclinical, and nursing and hygiene faculties. This study was done on two groups, first sample were students with at least one semester’s underachiever. The second sample were students without any dropped out. Data collecting was done by using a researcher-made questionnaire with 49 questions. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive methods and t-test and repeated measure test. Results: 30 of underachiever students that were %36/4 female and %63/5 male and 59 of students who had not dropped out answered the questionnaire. There was significant difference between two group’s viewpoint on teaching method (Pvalue=0/038) and guidance student by supervisor professors (Pvalue=0/02). Conclusion: The results show that the second sample were believed that the guidance student by supervisor professor and teaching method are very important for learning but the first sample viewpoint's was that educational facility and communication abilities professors are more important than other factors. Citation: Javadi R, Ghanbarnejad A. Comparative of Student Learning Barriers in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Conditional and Non-Conditional. Journal of Development Strategies in Medical Education 2017; 4(2): 52-60

Predictors of Non- Hookah Smoking Among High-School Students Based On Prototype/Willingness Model

Background: The aim of the study was to determine predictors of refraining from hookah smoking among high-school students in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran based on Prototype/Willingness model. Methods: This cross- sectional with analytic approach was performed on 240 high-school students selected by a cluster random sampling. The data of demo-graphic and Prototype-Willingness Model constructs were acquired via a self-administrated questionnaire. Data were analyzed by mean, frequency, correlation, liner and logistic regression statistical tests. Results: Statistically significant determinants of the intention to refrain from hookah smoking were subjective norms, willingness, and attitude. Regression model indicated that the three items together explained 46.9% of the non-smoking hookah intention variance. Attitude and subjective norms predicted 36.0% of the non-smoking hookah intention variance. There was a significant relationship between the participants’ negative prototype about the hookah smokers and the willingness to avoid from hookah smoking (P=0.002). Also willingness predicted non-smoking hookah better than the intention (P<0.001). Conclusion: Deigning intervention to increase negative prototype about the hookah smokers and reducing situations and conditions which facilitate hookah smoking, such as easy access to tobacco products in the cafés, beaches can be useful results among adolescents to hookah smoking prevention

Impact of knowledge management on job satisfaction and organizational performance among healthcare employees: A structural equation modeling approach

Abstract Background and Aims Organizational knowledge management (KM) involves creating, preserving, and sharing employees' knowledge. This approach can enhance efficiency, improve performance, and boost job satisfaction (JS) throughout all aspects of the organization. This research aimed to investigate the effect of three variables of KM, JS, and organizational performance (OP) on the employees of the Health and Treatment Network in Haji Abad City. Methods A study was conducted with 211 employees, such as physicians, nurses, and technicians. These employees worked in various sections, such as hospitals, health centers, rural centers, and emergency centers within the Health and Treatment Network of Haji Abad City. Newman and Kenard's KM, Hersey and Goldsmith's OP, and Smith, Kendall & Hulin's Job Satisfaction Questionnaires were used. The statistical software LISREL 8.8 was used to conduct structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The results indicate that the structural equation models had a good fit. Significant positive relationships exist between KM processes (creation, retention, and application) and JS. No significant relationship was found between knowledge transfer and JS. The coefficient obtained from SEM between knowledge retention and OP was 0.74, indicating a strong and direct correlation between the two variables. The standardized coefficients for the relationship between knowledge creation and retention and JS were 0.45 and 0.33, respectively. This indicates a positive and direct effect of knowledge creation and retention on JS. All KM processes positively predict OP. Conclusion The research model had a good fit, and the KM processes had a positive effect on performance and JS. However, no significant relationship was found between knowledge transfer and JS among employees in the Health and Treatment Network. More research is needed to identify mediating variables and factors influencing this phenomenon in healthcare centers

The effect of educational intervention based on social support theory on the perceived stress caused by the covid-19 pandemic in patients with diabetes in hormozgan (2020–2021)

Background People with diabetes are more at risk of covid-19. Perceived social support plays an important role in maintaining people’s health and reducing the negative effects of stress caused by the environment and society. The present study was designed and implemented with the purpose of determining the effect of educational intervention based on social support theory in reducing stress caused by the covid-19 pandemic in people with diabetes. Methods The current investigation was an interventional and semi-experimental study conducted on 212 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Eligible participants were diabetic individuals capable of utilizing virtual platforms and not afflicted with COVID-19. Exclusion criteria encompassed unwillingness to continue study participation, absence from multiple training sessions, and development of a specific illness during the study period. Random allocation placed patients into either the control or intervention group. The intervention group received educational materials via WhatsApp, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The researcher administered a questionnaire to collect demographic information and assess perceived social support among the patients. Data analysis involved the use of chi-square tests, independent and paired t-tests, as well as ANCOVA. Results This study revealed that the mean age of patients in the control and intervention groups was 46.35 ± 14.15 and 51.72 ± 11.57, respectively. Most of the diabetic patients in both groups were female, married, had a diploma, were housekeepers, and had an income between 2 and 5 million Tomans. According to the results obtained in all subscales of social support theory as well as the perceived stress score due to the corona pandemic after the educational intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (P < 0.05), so that the score of all subscales of social support theory in the intervention group was higher than the control group. But the perceived stress score caused by Corona in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion The results of this study illustrate the noteworthy influence of social support training in lessening perceived stress among patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, healthcare providers are encouraged to integrate social support education programs into comprehensive care initiatives for diabetic patients, particularly during periods of heightened stress like the current coronavirus pandemic

Investigate internet addiction and effective factors among students in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences

Background: Access to the Internet is a growing phenomenon .Every day more people are among the Internet users. This study aimed to investigate Internet addiction and its effective factors among students in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study was of a descriptive, cross--sectional type which aimed to investigate Internet addiction and effective factors among students in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences The research community consisted of all students in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in year 2013 studying and Was proportional stratified sampling. Data gathering tool was Yang standard internet addiction questionnaire. SPSS software model 16 was used for data analysis research . p <0.05 was set as the level of significance. Findings: From total of 500 students that participated in the study, 166 patients (33.1%) were male and 334 (66.7%) were female. 409 patients (81.6%) were single and 91 (18.2%) were married. Results of the study indicated (226 patients) as the user at risk (205 patients) as a normal user, and (69 patients) another addicted user . There was significant relation Between variables such as gender (p=0.003), field of study (p=0.002), marital status (p <0.001), age (p <0.001), educational level (p <0.001) and using Internet (p=0.005) with Internet addiction. But the location was no significant associated Internet addiction. Conclusion: The correct teaching for the students to use the Internet and making culture, educate families, schools and universities, to solve the problems of young people, creating a fun and engaging programs are effective in reducing the rate of Internet addiction

Additional file 1 of Determinants of stress coping behaviors in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS-DSCB): development and psychometrics of a PRECEDE model-based questionnaire

Additional file 1: The initial version of MS-DSCB

Application of Pender’s health promotion model for type 2 diabetes treatment adherence: protocol for a mixed methods study in southern Iran

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus treatment as a chronic disease requires adequate adherence to treatment including controlling blood glucose levels and lifestyle management. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting of adherence to T2D treatment from the perspective of patients and design an intervention program based on Pender’s health promotion model (HPM) to increase T2D treatment adherence in Bandar Abbas, a city located in the south of Iran. Methods This mixed method study will consist of qualitative stage, questionnaire design and a randomized, open-label, parallel-group interventional study based on HPM in southern Iran. Sampling for qualitative stage will continue until reaching the saturation. In the intervention stage, participants will be 166 T2D patients referring to the Bandar Abbas Diabetes Clinic will be randomized into intervention and control groups (allocation 1:1). After identifying the factors affecting adherence to treatment in T2D patients by qualitative study and literature review, a questionnaire based on HPM will be designed. In the next stage, 10 sessions of intervention for the intervention group will be designed. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, intervention and control groups will be tested for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) before and 3 months after the intervention. Discussion This designed study is a program for improving treatment adherence in T2D based on the HPM model and contributes to a better understanding of effective factors in adherence to treatment in T2D patients. The results of this project can be used for macro-diabetic planning. Trial registration This study is registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20211228053558N1: https://www.irct.ir/trial/61741 ) and first release date of 17th March 2022