Predictors of poor blood pressure control among Iranian hypertensive patients

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with poor blood pressure (BP) control in older hypertensive patients living in Iran. Poorly controlled hypertension was defined as blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with poor BP control. Results More than half of the patients (55.1%) had poor control of hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being over 60 years of age (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.18–2.37; p = .003), being widowed or divorced (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.03–2.35; p = .035], smoking (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.07–2.65; p = .01], BMI > 25 kg/m2 (OR 1.51 95% CI 1.05–2.78), having a waist circumference ≥ 90 cm (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.42; p = .003], the use of calcium channel blockers (OR 2.69; 95% CI 1.26–5.72; p = .01], and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.01–2.72; p = .044] contributed significantly to poor control of hypertension. Making a key BP control screening target (such as age over 60 and waist circumference of 90 cm or more) for cardiovascular specialists and other health care practitioners is needed for elderly patients at risk for poor BP control

Subgroups of lifestyle patterns among hypertension patients : a latent-class analysis

Abstract Background Hypertension remains one of the most important preventable risk factors for diseases and death. Identifying clustered patterns of modifiable lifestyle risk factors for hypertension and demographics factors related to these clustered patterns allows for targeting health prevention interventions. Therefore, this study aims to identify latent classes of hypertensive patients’ lifestyle risk factors based on the clustering of four modifiable lifestyle risk factors: eating, physical activity patterns, smoking habits, and blood pressure control. Methods A total of 750 patients (M age = 65.38 years, SD age = 9.2 years) with diagnosed hypertension in urban and rural primary health care centers in Takab (Iran) were recruited randomly from August 2016 to February 2017. Latent class analysis was performed by using proc. LCA in SAS 9.2. Results Three classes of lifestyle patterns were identified. About 14.4% of hypertensive patients were categorized in a low-risk class (I), 54.6% in an intermediate-risk class (II), and 31% in a high-risk class (III) of lifestyle. A one-year increase in age significantly increases the risk of membership in classes II and III. Similarly, being widowed or divorced increases the risk of membership in classes II and III. Also, having a higher education level decreases the risk of membership in classes II and III. Conclusions This study contributes to the literature on lifestyle behaviors among older adults and provides evidence that there are considerable differences in lifestyle behaviors between subgroups of older adult patients. The three profiles of hypertensive patients’ conditions suggest that because behaviors often occur simultaneously within an individual level, a latent-class approach helps cluster co-occurrence risk behaviors and focuses on interventions targeted to several healthy behaviors among high-risk patients

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Additional file 1. Demographic questionnaire and personal information