Molecular networking-assisted flavonoid profile of Gypsophila glomerata extract in relation to its protective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatorenal damage in rats

The aim of the study was to provide an in-depth characterization of the methanol-aqueous extract from the aerial parts of Gypsophila glomerata Pall. Ex Adams (Caryophyllaceae) (EGG) and to assess its protective potential on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and kidney damage in male Wistar rats. Twenty-two flavonoid C-, O- and C,O-glycosides in EGG were annotated by mass spectrometry-based molecular networking; nine of them are reported in this species for the first time. Fourteen-day oral administration of EGG at a dose 200 mg kg–1 bm prevented significantly CCl4-induced liver injury, discerned by an amelioration of the markers of oxidative stress (GSH and MDA) and transaminase activity. EGG decreased the serum level of urea and creatinine as well. The observed improvement of biochemical parameters was supported by histopathological observations. The protective hepatorenal effects of EGG, rich in 2"-О-pentosyl-6-С-hexosyl-apigenin/luteolin/methylluteolin and their acetyl- and methoxycinnamoyl-derivatives, were comparable with the effects of the positive control silymarin

LC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds and oleraceins in aerial parts of Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) is a well-known edible and ethnomedicinal plant and it has been called “vegetable for long life” in the Chinese herbal medicine. The plant is recognized for the high content of polyphenols, including flavonoids and phenolic acids.In this study, hydromethanolic purslane extracts from Bulgarian and Greek locations were screened for polyphenolic content. Based on polyphenols, saponins and DPPH antioxidant activity, an orthogonaldesign L9(34) was performed in order to improve the ultrasound assisted extraction procedure of dry and fresh plant material. An UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS method in parallel-reaction monitoring mode was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 14 compounds comprising hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic and caffeoylquinic acids, as well as 2 flavonol glycosides. The quantitative analysis was validated for curve fit, range, instrumental detection limit (IDL), instrumental quantification limit (IQL), LOD, LOQ, precision, recovery and accuracy. The UHPLC-MS quantification method revealed good linearity (r2 > 0.9950), LOD < 925.85 ng/g dw and LOQ < 3055.31 ng/g dw. Moreover, 11 cylco-dopa amides (Oleraceins A-D, N-Q, S, U and W) were tentatively identified through UHPLC-MS and their MS2 mass fragmentation was described

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of surface flavonoid aglycones in Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia vulgaris L.

External flavonoid aglycones from Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. were analyzed by the HPLC method. The mobile phase was composed of t-butanol-methanol-20 mmol l-1 phosphate buffer, pH 3.22. The linear gradient elution method within 22 min was applied. The main aglycones in A. annua and A. vulgaris are methyl ethers of quercetagetin and quercetin. Quercetagetin 3,6,7-trimethyl ether in A. annua and quercetin 3,7,3-trimethyl ether in A. vulgaris are the most abundant compounds

The genus Rubus L.: An insight into phytochemicals and pharmacological studies of leaves from the most promising species

Rubus L. species (Rosaceae) are traditionally used worldwide for their food and medicinal properties. Although raspberries and blackberries are well-known fruits, the leaves hold significant but often overlooked value. The review is focused on the phytochemicals and pharmacological studies on leaves from the most promising taxa. Through a comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, numerous research articles were identified. The studies revealed over 160 diterpenoids, triterpenoid acids, saponins, ellagitannins, phenolic and acylquinic acids, and flavonoids in the discussed Rubus species. These compounds contribute to the leaves’ protective effects, including astringent, hypoglycemic, and wound healing activity. Moreover, Rubus leaves are used for relieving diarrhea as well as in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review highlights R. sanctus, R. ibericus, and R. chingii, along with R. idaeus, as prospective raw materials for therapeutic applications

The molecular bases of the interaction between a saponin from the roots of Gypsophila paniculata L. and model lipid membranes

In view of the possible medical applications of saponins, the molecular structure of a GOTCAB saponin from the roots of Gypsophila paniculata L. was determined by NMR. The biological activity of saponins may depend on the interaction with cell membranes. To obtain more insight in the mechanism of membrane-related saponin function, an experimental and theoretical study was conducted. Ternary lipid systems composed of sphingomyelin, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and cholesterol were used as models of mammalian cell membranes. The membrane–saponin interaction was studied experimentally by monitoring surface pressure in the monomolecular films formed at the air–aqueous subphase interface. The behavior of GOTCAB saponin in a water box and model monolayer systems was characterized by molecular dynamics simulations. The results obtained showed that, in the systems used, cholesterol had a decisive effect on the interaction between GOTCAB and phosphocholine or sphingomyelin as well as on its location within the lipid film

Original scientific paper

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of surface flavonoid aglycones in Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia vulgaris L

Chemophenetic Approach to Selected Senecioneae Species, Combining Morphometric and UHPLC-HRMS Analyses

Herein, a chemophenetic significance, based on the phenolic metabolite profiling of three Senecio (S. hercynicus, S. ovatus, and S. rupestris) and two Jacobaea species (J. pancicii and J. maritima), coupled to morphometric data, is presented. A set of twelve morphometric characters were recorded from each plant species and used as predictor variables in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model. From a total 75 observations (15 from each of the five species), the model correctly assumed their species’ membership, except for 2 observations. Among the studied species, S. hercynicus and S. ovatus presented the greatest morphological similarity. A phytochemical profiling of phenolic specialized metabolites by UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS revealed 46 hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, and acylquinic acids and their derivatives, 1 coumarin and 21 flavonoids. Hierarchical and PCA clustering applied to the phytochemical data corroborated the similarity of S. hercynicus and S. ovatus, observed in the morphometric analysis. This study contributes to the phylogenetic relationships between the tribe Senecioneae taxa and highlights the chemophenetic similarity/dissimilarity of the studied species belonging to Senecio and Jacobaea genera