Avoiding Evasion: Implementing International Migration Policy

Despite the broadening range of international arbiters of global migration, the state—with its sovereign control of its territory and its subjection to the politics of its society—remains the only arbiter that oversees the actual interactions during which a proposed bill of rights would be followed. “As long as the nation-state is the primary unit for dispensing rights and privileges, it remains the main interlocutor, reference and target of interest groups and political actors, including migrant groups and their supporters.” This suggests that the normative persuasion and mobilization of even the most powerful non-state actors can only be in the ultimate interest of altering the practices of states. Premised on this uncompromising truth, this article will first outline the debate about the role of international law in shaping national migration policies. It will next examine (a) the ways that states have been able to clutch their national sovereignty in matters pertaining to migration, and (b) the ways that international normative pressure has superseded state control. With these lessons of history and political structure in mind, this article will then consider the avenues of implementation of the proposed International Migrants Bill of Rights. The author argues that rather than portray the charter as a new act of international law that states should approve, it must be framed as a selection of fundamental entitlements that are lifted from existing regimes to which states are currently subject. In this manner, the Bill of Rights simply needs to ask for adherence to laws that state governments have already enacted. This resolution enables activists to circumvent the backyard politics that have poisoned efforts to coordinate globalized standards in the sphere of migration law

Le patrimoine en valeurs mobilières des personnes physiques à fin décembre 2004.

valeurs mobilières, personnes physiques, portefeuilles-titres.

A colorimetric competitive displacement assay for the evaluation of catalytic peptides

An assay based on competitive dye displacement was adapted to detect the formation of aldol product in crude reaction mixtures, and was used to evaluate minimal peptide aldol catalysts.</p

Adaptive tactical behaviour planner for autonomous ground vehicle

Success of autonomous vehicle to effectively replace a human driver depends on its ability to plan safe, efficient and usable paths in dynamically evolving traffic scenarios. This challenge gets more difficult when the autonomous vehicle has to drive through scenarios such as intersections that demand interactive behavior for successful navigation. The many autonomous vehicle demonstrations over the last few decades have highlighted the limitations in the current state of the art in path planning solutions. They have been found to result in inefficient and sometime unsafe behaviours when tackling interactively demanding scenarios. In this paper we review the current state of the art of path planning solutions, the individual planners and the associated methods for each planner. We then establish a gap in the path planning solutions by reviewing the methods against the objectives for successful path planning. A new adaptive tactical behaviour planner framework is then proposed to fill this gap. The behaviour planning framework is motivated by how expert human drivers plan their behaviours in interactive scenarios. Individual modules of the behaviour planner is then described with the description how it fits in the overall framework. Finally we discuss how this planner is expected to generate safe and efficient behaviors in complex dynamic traffic scenarios by considering a case of an un-signalised roundabout

Developing and testing of control software framework for autonomous ground vehicle

Automation in ground vehicles has been gaining momentum in recent years highlighted by the significant number of public demonstrations in the last two decades. This momentum has created an urgency within research organizations, vehicle manufacturers and academia to solve existing problems with autonomous vehicle technology to make it usable in the real world. As autonomous ground vehicles operate in close proximity to one another, the margin of error for navigation is smaller than in other domains such as aerospace and marine application. The real-world driving scenarios for the autonomous ground vehicle can sometimes be predictable and unpredictable at other times, demanding different behaviours from the autonomous vehicle for successful navigation. To satisfy such as requirement, the autonomous vehicle should exhibit the capability to adapt to through deliberative planning in predictable environments and reactive planning in unpredictable environments. In this paper, we describe a hybrid control software framework designed to incorporate behaviour planning algorithms that are capable of both deliberative and reactive planning. The paper describes the development of this novel adaptive autonomous control software framework and validates it through both virtual testing and real world testing environments