Caracterización morfológica de la adherencia e invasión de Streptococcus agalactiae a la mucosa intestinal de la tilapia Oreochromis sp., modelo in vitro

Estreptococosis en tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) en Colombia es causada por Streptococcus agalactiae y probablemente es la enfermedad más importante para la producción de esta especie íctica en todo el mundo. La prevención de la infección y la enfermedad por este patógeno es necesaria y debe ser abordada no sólo por razones económicas, sociales, de comercio internacional, sino también de salud pública. La presente investigación estandarizó un cultivo de intestino de tilapia in vitro el cual se mantuvo viable hasta 2 horas y nos permitió detallar la respuesta integrada de la mucosa intestinal una vez el patógeno hace contacto con el epitelio. En este estudio se demostró que el S. aglactiae se despoja de la cápsula para adherirse al epitelio; se adhiere en grupos, cadenas o bacterias solitarias que se pueden dividir sobre el borde apical de los enterocitos; Se adhiere e invade casi exclusivamente por la porción apical de los pliegues; atraviesa la mucosa utilizando la ruta transcelular. Una vez en el citoplasma de los enterocitos las bacterias continúan dividiéndose. Atraviesan el epitelio hasta llegar a la lámina propia y acceden a la circulación. Durante todo el proceso de adherencia e invasión no se evidenció una respuesta inflamatoria de linfocitos ni respuesta de las células caliciformes en el epitelio.Abstract: Streptococcosis in tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) in Colombia is caused by Streptococcus agalactiae , probably the most importa nt disease for the fish production worldwide. Prevention of the infection and illness by this pathogen is required and must be addressed not only for economic, social reasons, international trade, but also for public health. This research standardized in v itro culture of tilapia intestine which remained viable up to 2 hours and allowed us to detail the integrated intestinal mucosal response once pathogen contacts the epithelium. In this study we showed that the Streptococcus agalactiae sheds itself of the c apsule to adhere to the epithelium; It adheres in groups, chains or lonely bacteria that can be divided on the apical border of enterocytes; It adheres and invades almost exclusively by the apical portion of the folds; through the mucosa using the transcel lular route. Once in the cytoplasm of enterocytes the bacteria continue to divide. They cross the epithelium to reach the propria and reach the circulation. Throughout the process of adherence and invasion an inflammatory lymphocyte response or goblet cell s response in the epithelium was not evidencedMaestrí

Tiroiditis no-Hashimoto y feocromocitoma en un canino: un reporte de caso

Abstract A case report of multiple endocrinopathy consisting of lymphocytic thyroiditis and pheochromocytoma, in a 6-year-old female canine labrador with a history of syncope, alopecia, desquamation, hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis in the tail and nose, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, mild depression; Paraclinically, it showed elevated TSH, decreased T4, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia; supraventricular tachycardia was diagnosed by electrocardiography. It was treated with levothyroxine sodium orally, with partial response; however, after several weeks, the patient died suddenly. At necropsy, a 4/5 body condition was evident, axillary and abdominal alopecia, reduction of the size of the thyroid glands with infiltration of adipose tissue; a yellow colored mass was found in the adrenal medulla; the coronary, cerebral basilar, and gastrointestinal serous arteries were thickened with intramural yellowish granular material and luminal occlusion; the myocardium showed random fuzzy whitish regions. Microscopically, multifocal lymphocytic thyroiditis was found with severe atrophy and adipose tissue infiltration; atherosclerosis of the arteries of multiple organs with thrombosis; chronic and acute myocardial infarctions, atrophic dermatosis and pheochromocytoma. This is the first report of primary hypothyroidism in our setting with an emphasis on macro and microscopic pathology, as well as the first case in the literature of multiple endocrinopathy consisting of lymphocytic thyroiditis and pheochromocytoma.Resumo Reporta-se um caso de endocrinopatia múltiple constituído por tireoidite linfocítica e feocromocitoma num cão labrador de 6 anos de idade com sintomatologia de síncopes, alopecia, descamação, hiperpigmentação e hiperqueratose na cauda e nariz, intolerância ao exercício e dispneia; paraclinicamente TSH aumentado, T4 diminuído, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia; eletrocardiograficamente diagnosticou-se taquicardia supraventricular; foi tratado com levotiroxina sódica oral, com resposta parcial; no entanto, depois de várias semanas, faleceu repentinamente. Na necropsia evidenciou-se alopecia axilar e abdominal, atrofia bilateral da tireóide; na medula adrenal um nódulo de cor amarela; as artérias coronárias, basilares cerebrais e das serosas gastrointestinais encontravam-se espessadas e irregulares. Microscopicamente, observou-se tireoidite linfocítica multifocal com atrofia grave e infiltração gordurosa; aterosclerose multi-orgânica; infartos crônicos e agudos do miocárdio, dermatose atrófica e, na medula adrenal, feocromocitoma; foi realizada imuno-histoquímica para classificação dos linfócitos tireoidianos com imunocoloração CD3 positiva e CD 79a negativa. Este é o primeiro relato de hipotireoidismo primário em nosso meio, com ênfase na patologia macro e microscópica, assim mesmo é o primeiro caso na literatura de endocrinopatia múltiple que consiste em tireoidite linfocítica e feocromocitoma, no qual foi realizada a imunoclassificação dos linfócitos intratireoidianos.Resumen Se reporta un caso de endocrinopatía múltiple constituido por tiroiditis linfocítica y feocromocitoma en un canino labrador hembra de 6 años de edad con historia de síncopes, alopecia, descamación, hiperpigmentación e hiperqueratosis en cola y nariz, intolerancia al ejercicio, disnea, depresión leve; paraclínicamente mostró TSH elevada, T4 disminuida, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia; por electrocardiografía se diagnosticó taquicardia supraventricular. Se trató con levotiroxina sódica vía oral, con respuesta parcial; sin embargo, después de varias semanas, la paciente falleció súbitamente. En la necropsia se evidenció una condición corporal 4/5, alopecia axilar y abdominal, reducción de tamaño de las glándulas tiroides con infiltración de tejido adiposo; en la médula adrenal se encontró una masa color amarilla; las arterias coronarias, basilares cerebrales y de las serosas gastrointestinales estaban engrosadas con material granular amarillento intramural y oclusión luminal; el miocardio mostró regiones blanquecinas difusas al azar. Microscópicamente se encontró una tiroiditis linfocítica multifocal con atrofia severa e infiltración de tejido adiposo; aterosclerosis de las arterias de múltiples órganos con trombosis; infartos crónicos y agudos del miocardio, dermatosis atrófica y feocromocitoma. Este es el primer reporte de hipotiroidismo primario en nuestro medio con énfasis en patología macro y microscópica, así mismo es el primer caso en la literatura de endocrinopatía múltiple constituida por tiroiditis linfocítica y feocromocitoma

Use of probiotics in the catfish Sorubim cuspicaudus larviculture

Sorubim cuspicaudus, a migratory catfish distributed in the Magdalena, Sinú, and Catatumbo river basins, is categorized as vulnerable to extinction. Production of fingerlings in controlled environments stands as a strategic conservation approach, and larviculture is a critical phase in rearing this species. Probiotics are used for improvement in the critical stages of fingerling production. The study aimed to evaluate the use of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) during the larviculture phase of S. cuspicaudus. Larvae at 42 hours post-hatching (1.5±0.1mg, total length 5.7±0.4mm) were treated with four levels of probiotic inclusion in the water: 0, 5, 10, and 20ppm for 22 days. Water quality remained within suitable ranges for neotropical catfish species larviculture and the parameters assessed were weight gain (Gw), length gain (Gl), specific growth rate (G), survival rate (S), stress resistance (Sr), intestinal fold length (LF), and colony-forming units (CFU) count. Results showed higher Gl (22.23±3.5mm), Gw (40.0±12.6mg), G (14.9±1.5%/day), LP (205±72.7µm), and CFU (118.7±80.9) were found at 20 ppm (p0.05). The findings of this study suggest that probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) could be used as an alternative to advance in the S. cuspicaudus larviculture