Fascism, social-democracy and the communists

https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/1764/thumbnail.jp

Gravity driven hydraulic fracture with finite breadth

This study outlines a new method for disposing of hazardous (e.g., nuclear) waste. The technique is called Abyssal Sequestration, and it involves placing the waste at extreme depths in Earth’s crust where it could achieve the geologically long period of isolation. Abyssal Sequestration involves storing the waste in hydraulic fractures driven by gravity, a process we term as gravity fracturing. In short, we suggest creating a dense fluid (slurry) containing waste, introducing the fluid into a fracture, and extending the fracture downward until it becomes long enough to propagate independently. The fracture will continue to propagate downward to great depth, permanently isolating the waste. Storing solid wastes by mixing them with fluids and injecting them into hydraulic fractures is a well-known technology. The essence of our idea differs from conventional hydraulic fracturing techniques only slightly in that it uses fracturing fluid heavier than the surrounding rock. This difference is fundamental, however, because it allows hydraulic fractures to propagate downward and carry wastes by gravity instead of or in addition to being injected by pumping. An example of similar gravity-driven fractures with positive buoyancy is given by magmatic dikes that may serve as an analog of Abyssal Sequestration occurring in nature. Mechanics of fracture propagation in conditions of positive (diking) and negative (heavy waste slurry) buoyancy is similar and considered in this work for both cases. Analog experiments in gelatin show that fracture breadth (horizontal dimension) remains nearly stationary when fracturing process in the fracture “head” (where breadth is “created”) is dominated by solid toughness, as opposed to the viscous fluid dissipation dominant in the fracture tail. We model propagation of the resulting “buoyant” or “sinking” finger-like fracture of stationary breadth with slowly varying opening along the crack length. The elastic response of the crack to fluid loading in a horizontal cross-section is local and can be treated similar to the classical Perkins–Kern–Nordgren (PKN) model of hydraulic fracturing. The propagation condition for a finger-like crack is based on balancing the global energy release rate due to unit crack extension and the rock fracture toughness. It allows to relate the net fluid pressure at the tip to the fracture breadth and rock toughness. Unlike the PKN fracture, which breadth is known a priori, the final breadth of a finger-like fracture is a result of the fracturing process in the fracture head. To resolve the breadth, we relax the local elasticity assumption in the fracture head by neglecting viscous pressure drop there. We then combine the finger crack solution for the viscous tail with the 3D pulse solution for the fracture head

A dynamic solution of the shear band propagation in submerged landslides

A failure mechanism of submarine landslides based on the phenomenon of shear band propagation has been investigated using the energy balance approach. Dynamic analysis includes inertia effects in the sliding layer and viscous resistance of the water, but ignores elastic and plastic wave propagation in the sliding layer. The resulting differential equation has been solved numerically. Analytical approximation of this numerical solution provides a convenient basis for the parametric and sensitivity studies. The solution allows assessing the velocity and acceleration of both the landslide and the shear band at the moment when the slide fails due to the limiting equilibrium (i.e., the initial post-failure velocity). The effects of the initial landslide velocity on the tsunami wave height are discussed and validated for a number of landslide example

Fuzzy Adaptive Control System of a Non-Stationary Plant

This paper proposes a hybrid fuzzy PID control logic, whose tuning parameters are provided in real time. The fuzzy controller tuning is made on the basis of Mamdani controller. In addition, this paper compares a fuzzy logic based PID with PID regulators whose tuning is performed by standard and well-known methods. In some cases the proposed tuning methodology ensures a control performance that is comparable to that guaranteed by simpler and more common tuning methods. However, in case of dynamic changes in the parameters of the controlled system, conventionally tuned PID controllers do not show to be robust enough, thus suggesting that fuzzy logic based PIDs are definitively more reliable and effective

Canadian Federalism and Constitutional-Legal Status of Quebec Paradiplomacy

The article deals with legal and constitutional background of the paradiplomacy of Quebec, only French-speaking Canadian province. It reveals the specificity of division of competences between the center and the provinces, and shows features of the constitutional regulation of foreign policy in Canada. The article analyzes the cases that have affected federal-provincial relations in the field of implementation of international treaties negotiated by the Canadian federal government. Special attention is given to the Gérin-Lajoie doctrine of provincial internal competence extension formulated in 1965 on the basis of these cases. It also identifies the main trends of federal-provincial relations concerning the legal regulation of the international activity of Canadian provinces in the last third of XX - beginning of XXI c. It concludes the importance of federal-provincial cooperation in the respective sphere

Paradiplomacy as a Way of Promotion of Regional Identity of the Subjects of Federations

The article is devoted to the international activity of the subjects of federations, to the theoretical approaches to this phenomenon as well as its practical aspects. Special attention is given to the international relations of the subjects with some ethnic and/or linguistic specificity. It analyses the interaction between international activities of such subjects and the promotion of their special regional identity. This phenomenon is described as identifying paradiplomacy. The article deals with its constitutional and legal status, its interconnection with general principles of federalism, specificity of different types of federalism. The examples include the international activity of Quebec, a French-speaking Canadian province, which is one of the most active and visible non-sovereign territorial actors on the world stage for several decades since 1960s till present. It also deals with international activity of the republic of Tatarstan and some other republics of the Russian Federation. The article shows the positive and the negative sides of the identifying paradiplomacy

Automated control system of extraction column

Extraction column has been analyzed as a control object; its mathematical description has been developed subject to the peculiarities of processing. On the basis of mathematical description the simulation model of column device was developed. Automated control system was synthesized by re-extract density in pulse column. Estimation of control quality supported by the system was carried ou

THE IMAGE OF SHERLOCK HOLMES IN CONTEMPORARY BRITISH-AMERICAN FICTION

Purpose: The article analyzes the image of Sherlock Holmes in the works of some of the contemporary authors. The great detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle had a major impact not only on literature but on the world culture as a whole. This image spawned a lot of works featuring similar characters or even himself long before the series became public domain, and after that point, the number of works featuring Sherlock Holmes raised drastically. Methodology: The primary method is comparative analysis; we use it to compare the original image of Sherlock Homes with later versions Result: As one would assume, the perception of the image is different from author to author and therefore is different from the original created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In this article, we will analyze several works of fiction of contemporary authors (for example, Neil Gaiman and Mitch Cullen), the image of the great detective presented in then and compare it with the one from the original literature series. In conclusion we will discuss Sherlock Holmes as a modern archetype and its most prominent features. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of The Image of Sherlock Holmes in Contemporary British-American Fiction is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Model of mass transfer processes in the cascade of centrifugal extractors

The paper describes a mathematical model of mass transfer processes in a cascade of reverse-flow centrifugal extractors. Model of operation of each extractor is given as tightly coupled system of mixing and separating chambers. All model units are represented by systems of differential equations. The article presents the results of testing of the developed model, which confirmed the validity of the assumptions made in the model. The authors assessed the impact of the overflow of dense phase level on the hydrostatic position of phase interface level in the extractor. The research showed that a change in the volume of dense and light phases occurs in each apparatus of a cascade even in the steady mode. Operation of the cascade consisting of 12 series-connected centrifugal extractors was simulated in order to verify the model. Computer simulation results confirm the adequacy of the developed model

Problems of Development and Application of Metal Matrix Composite Powders for Additive Technologies

The paper considers the problem of structure formation in composites with carbide phase and a metal binder under self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of powder mixtures. The relation between metal binder content and their structure and wear resistance of coatings was studied. It has been shown that dispersion of the carbide phase and volume content of metal binder in the composite powders structure could be regulated purposefully for all of studied composites. It was found that the structure of surfaced coating was fully inherited of composite powders. Modification or coarsening of the structure at the expense of recrystallization or coagulation carbide phase during deposition and sputtering does not occur