Verification of Knoop indenters with Gal-Indent optical system

Le normative internazionali ISO 4545-2 e 4545-3 per i test di durezza Knoop richiedono la verifica geometrica dei penetratori. Il laboratorio di durezza INRiM, in collaborazione con la Galileo-LTF®, ha sviluppato uno specifico sistema ottico di misurazione(commercializzato da Galileo-LTF® come Gal-Indent) , utilizzato per la verifica dei penetratori Vickers. Questo sistema è in grado di misurare i due angoli al vertice tra due facce opposte, i quattro angoli della base quadrangolare e l'angolo tra l'asse della piramide di diamante e l'asse del codolo del penetratore. Usando le misure degli angoli al vertice e della base come input di un appropriato modello geometrico, gli angoli al vertice tra spigoli opposti di penetratori Knoop, nominalmente di 172.5° e 130°, e l'angolo tra l'asse della piramide di diamante e l'asse del supporto del penetratore, nominalmente di 0°, possono essere verificati con un'incertezza estesa di 0.05°, come richiesto dalle normative. Il confronto tra le misure sperimentali eseguite con questo metodo su tre diversi penetratori Knoop, precedentemente verificati da un laboratorio accreditato tedesco, mostrano risultati compatibili, in termini di errore normalizzato.ISO 4545-2 and 4545-3 of Knoop hardness tests require the geometrical verification of the indenters. INRiM hardness laboratory, in cooperation with Galileo-LTF® has developed a specific optical measuring system (commercialized by Galileo-LTF® as Gal-Indent) which is addressed for the verification of Vickers indenters. This system is able to measure the two vertex angles between two opposite faces, the four angles of the quadrilateral base and the angle between the axis of the diamond pyramid and the axis of the indenter holder. Using the measured quantities of the vertex and base angles as inputs of a suitable geometrical model, the angles from the opposite edges at the vertex of Knoop indenters, nominally 172.5° and 130°, and the angle between the axis of the diamond pyramid and the axis of the indenter holder, nominally 0°, can be verified with an expanded uncertainty of 0.05°, as required by the relevant Standard. Comparison of experimental measurements performed on three different Knoop indenters, previously verified by a German accredited laboratory, shows compatible results in terms of normalized error

EURAMET key comparison between INRiM and UME in Vickers hardness scales (HV1 - HV30) - EURAMET.M.H-K1.b and c

This report describes the method and results of a bilateral EURAMET Key Comparison in Vickers hardness scales of two National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) of Italy and Turkey, INRiM and UME, respectively. The Pilot Laboratory (PL) is INRiM in the comparison in which one set of hardness reference blocks with three hardness levels for the Vickers Hardness scales of both HV1 and HV30 was used. The comparison was realized as planned in the Technical Protocol with some delay. The aim of this comparison is to link the UME measurement results to the CCM.H-K1.b.c through the PL (INRiM) as a participant of the CCM key comparison. The measurement results and uncertainty assessments declared by INRiM and UME are in consistency with each other and UME results are also in consistency with the CCM.H-K1.b.c Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs). The CCM.H-K1.b.c was realized during 2001 to 2003 to investigate the metrological equivalence of national standards among national metrology institutes (NMIs) within the CCM

Crafts_Community_Design. The strategic role of design to promote local production systems

Design can connect Crafts and Communities. Case studies from the Piedmont’s region offer the opportunity to discuss roles, modalities and exportability of the model as a global/local action. Crafts, Community and Design are the three key-word to describe various design driven actions in relation to a community. Process design, in its strategic and productive forms is the medium

Colours and aircraft interiors. Design scenarios for a regional aircraft cabin.

The paper aims to investigate the use of colour and its perception within the cabin of a regional aircraft used for short distances and it is divided into two parts. The first part presents an analysis of the literature and the state of the art on the use of colour both within the aeronautical sector and in comparable sectors, such as that of interior architecture, where over the last few decades researchers formulated different theories of approach. The case studies examined show that, today, the choice of using colour is mainly based on marketing factors linked to the corporate branding of airlines, with a lack of sensitivity to human factors. The literature on colour, on the other hand, suggests that the different tones of colour have a strong impact from a physiological and psychological point of view, factors that must be taken into consideration to improve the experience of wellbeing on board, defining a framework of requirements. The chromatic hypotheses were, then, examined and compared through a preliminary perceptual test conducted on a sample of 20 subjects aimed at evaluating and defining guidelines for approaching the colour project. The objective of the guidelines is the construction of chromatic design scenarios defining a comfortable environment from the visual point of view and capable not only of generating a pleasant, comfortable travel experience but also a feeling of security and limiting the typical unwanted perceptions related to flight. The paper is part of the dissemination of the H2020 CASTLE project (CAbin Systems design Toward passenger welLbEing)

Arredo e ambiente. Landmark per i parchi naturali.

Progettare in modo consapevole all'interno di un parco naturale significa entrare nel suo ecosistema con cautela, cercando di coglierne, interpretarne e restituirne le diversità, alla grande scala come alla piccola. L'articolo illustra come questo obiettivo è raggiunto in alcuni casi studio di allestimento della scena naturalistica di aree protette

The extended comfort. Analysing the flight journey through a design-oriented approach.

The study of passengers' comfort on an aircraft is a research field that, has been able to accommodate both quantitative contributions, deriving from disciplines such as ergonomics, and qualitative contributions coming from product design. In recent years, design research has also focused on experiential and perceptive aspects, considering disciplines such as Interaction Design and User Experience. In the first instance, the paper aims to systemize the different design-oriented approaches that generated a complex map based also on the support of visual narration. In the map the flight experience is treated as if it were a service, analysing the entire customer journey to highlight the most critical issues. The methodological steps, based on the analysis of the activities, as well as those based on the optimization of the components, are then integrated into a holistic vision. The system has been created on the basis of case studies drawn from aircraft currently in service and from still embryonic concepts, capable of providing useful categories of analysis. The paper ends with the application of the map to an application study case: the CASTLE project (CAbin Systems design Toward passenger welLbEing)

Bilateral comparison in Rockwell C hardness scale between INRiM and GUM

This bilateral comparison in HRC is conducted in order to confirm the accuracy claimed by National Institute of Metrological Research in Italy (INRiM) and Central Office of Measures in Poland (GUM). Also, this study compares the difference of measurement results between two modernized deadweight-type Rockwell's hardness standard machines (HSMs) from GUM and primary hardness standard machine (PHSM) from INRiM. The hardness blocks of about 20 HRC, 35 HRC, 45 HRC, 50 HRC, 60 HRC and 65 HRC, which all have uniformity less then ±0.4 HRC according to EN ISO 6508-3, were used in this comparison

Result analysis of EURAMET Vickers comparison between INRiM and UME (EURAMET.M.H-K1.b.c)

A bilateral key comparison between INRiM (National Metrology Institute of Italy) and TUBITAK UME (National Metrology Institute of Turkey) had been decided to be organized in the field of Hardness Metrology to determine the consistency of the national hardness standards in both countries realizing Vickers Hardness measurements in accordance with ISO 6507–1:2018 [1] and ISO 6507–3:2018 [2] standards. Widely used Vickers Hardness scales such as HV1 and HV30 constitute the scope of the comparison which was piloted by INRiM. In this paper the procedure and measurement results of the bilateral EURAMET key comparison between the two laboratories are explained

Preliminary results of EURAMET Rockwell comparison between INRiM and UME (EURAMET.M.H-S1.A.B.C)

A bilateral supplementary comparison between INRiM (National Metrology Institute of Italy) and UME (National Metrology Institute of Turkey) had been decided to be organized in the field of Hardness Metrology to determine the consistency of the national hardness standards in both countries realizing Rockwell Hardness measurements in accordance with ISO 6508-1:2016 [1] and ISO 6508-3:2015 [2] standards. In this paper the procedure and preliminary measurement results of the bilateral EURAMET supplementary comparison between the two laboratories are explained

Result analysis of EURAMET Brinell comparison between INRiM, UME and PTB (EURAMET.M.H–S2.A.B)

A EURAMET supplementary comparison between INRiM (National Metrology Institute of Italy), UME (National Metrology Institute of Republic of Turkey) and PTB (National Metrology Institute of Germany) had been decided to be organized in the field of Hardness Metrology to determine the consistency of the national hardness standards in these three countries realizing Brinell Hardness measurements in accordance with ISO 6506–1:2014 [1] and ISO 6506–3:2014 [2] standards. Widely used Brinell Hardness scales such as HBW 1/30 and HBW 2.5/187.5 constitute the scope of the comparison. In this paper the procedure and comparison results are explained