Fabrication of polymer electronic boards by ultrasonic embossing and welding

A method has been developed allowing fabrication of electronic boards from flexible polymer film by ultrasonic embossing and welding within seconds. A commercially available ultrasonic welding machine and micro patterned tools from aluminum are employed first to generate conductor paths on a flexible polymer film, in a further step, surface mounted devices are assembled and fixed on the flexible polymer film by a lid, and meanwhile electrical connected via a z axis conductive tape, both the molding of the lid and the bonding between the lid and electronic boards are implemented on an ultrasonic welding machine. Finally, the effectiveness of electrical interconnection is investigated at elevated temperature, humidity and bending load, exemplified by three simple circuit boards assembled with light-emitting diodes and resistors and capacitor separately, and the experimental results show that the electrical interconnection is effective, stable, and durable

МЕТОДЫ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ РИСКОВ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

Вопрос о рисках все активнее обсуждается и исследуется применительно к природе, техносфере, обществу, экономике и политике. К общим, определяющим понятие и проявления риска, относятся следующие свойства: • риск является многомерной характеристикой будущих состояний мира; • риск связан со случайными явлениями и процессами; • проявление риска – условное событие. Противодействием на источники риска являются установленные методы и методологии измерения рисков

Ultraschallerzeugende Mikrostrukturen für batterielose Fernbedienungen

Contemporary wireless remote controls are mostly based on infrared or radio communication technology. Both methods are dependent on electric energy and electronic components, which leads to hazardous waste. While infrared or radio signals can not be produced without elaborate electronic equipment, ultrasound can be produced mechanically with relatively simple components. Therefore it seemed expedient to fall back on ultrasound, which was used in the first wireless remote controls, and to further develop this technology. For this purpose, the sound generation mechanisms of musical instruments were analyzed. Vibrating beams and micro whistles were determined as best applicable for the generation of ultrasound in remote controls. In the main, the generation of ultrasound with micro whistles driven by silicone bellows was analyzed. The foundations for the production of a coded ultrasound keyboard were laid and a prototype with 15 different keys produced. Ultrasonic whistles with 6 different frequencies were manufactured, two of which combined produced a signal. Therefore a signal consists of two sounds with different frequencies, which are generated by pressing a single key. The number of signals can be significantly increased by time coding, which can be realised with simple structural modifications. Hence the development of a wireless keyboard is feasible. The frequencies of the ultrasonic whistles are pressure and temperature dependent and deviate up to 10% from the respective average value. However, faulty signal identification due to pressure or temperature dependency can be eliminated by utilizing the ratio of the two signal frequencies. Furthermore, vibrating beams were employed for ultrasound generation. The main advantages of this method are independence of the frequency from the striking mechanism and low temperature dependency (deviations ca. 0,5%). However, the striking mechanism and the mounting suspension of the beams are elaborate, which lead to rejection of this sound generation mechanism within the scope of this work

Ultraschallerzeugende Mikrostrukturen für batterielose Fernbedienungen

Contemporary wireless remote controls are mostly based on infrared or radio communication technology. Both methods are dependent on electric energy and electronic components, which leads to hazardous waste. While infrared or radio signals can not be produced without elaborate electronic equipment, ultrasound can be produced mechanically with relatively simple components. Therefore it seemed expedient to fall back on ultrasound, which was used in the first wireless remote controls, and to further develop this technology. For this purpose, the sound generation mechanisms of musical instruments were analyzed. Vibrating beams and micro whistles were determined as best applicable for the generation of ultrasound in remote controls. In the main, the generation of ultrasound with micro whistles driven by silicone bellows was analyzed. The foundations for the production of a coded ultrasound keyboard were laid and a prototype with 15 different keys produced. Ultrasonic whistles with 6 different frequencies were manufactured, two of which combined produced a signal. Therefore a signal consists of two sounds with different frequencies, which are generated by pressing a single key. The number of signals can be significantly increased by time coding, which can be realised with simple structural modifications. Hence the development of a wireless keyboard is feasible. The frequencies of the ultrasonic whistles are pressure and temperature dependent and deviate up to 10% from the respective average value. However, faulty signal identification due to pressure or temperature dependency can be eliminated by utilizing the ratio of the two signal frequencies. Furthermore, vibrating beams were employed for ultrasound generation. The main advantages of this method are independence of the frequency from the striking mechanism and low temperature dependency (deviations ca. 0,5%). However, the striking mechanism and the mounting suspension of the beams are elaborate, which lead to rejection of this sound generation mechanism within the scope of this work

Time of Flight Sensor with a Flow Parallel Wire

A time of flight sensor has been equipped with a sensing wire parallel to the flow direction (flow parallel wire, FPW). A heat pulse is generated with a coil in the flow channel. The FPW has a center tap allowing its upstream and downstream parts to join in a half bridge. When a heat pulse passes the FPW, a large output peak is generated. The time between heat pulse generation and recording the peak maximum is only marginally affected by the properties of the fluid. With a combination of two FPWs, a measuring range of approximately 0.01–0.5 m/s can be achieved

Time of Flight Sensor with a Flow Parallel Wire

A time of flight sensor has been equipped with a sensing wire parallel to the flow direction (flow parallel wire, FPW). A heat pulse is generated with a coil in the flow channel. The FPW has a center tap allowing its upstream and downstream parts to join in a half bridge. When a heat pulse passes the FPW, a large output peak is generated. The time between heat pulse generation and recording the peak maximum is only marginally affected by the properties of the fluid. With a combination of two FPWs, a measuring range of approximately 0.01–0.5 m/s can be achieved