566 research outputs found
Demographic Change and Public Sector Budgets in a Federal System
This paper examines the effects of demographic change on public finances in a federal system. We develop a simple methodical procedure to measure the effect of demographic changes on public revenues and expenditures. We apply our method to the local, state and federal government sector as well as on the social security system in Germany. Our results suggest that demographic change will lead to significant vertical fiscal imbalances between the different layers of government. In addition we show, that subnational governments can generate a demographic dividend whereas the social security system and the federal government have to carry an additional burden due to ageing.fiscal federalism, demographic change, sustainability of public finances
Do more placement officers lead to lower unemployment? : evidence from Germany
"In this paper we examine the effect of a pilot project of the German Federal Employment Agency, where in 14 German local employment offices the caseload (number of unemployed per caseworker) was significantly reduced. Since the participating local offices were not chosen at random, we have to take into account potential selection bias. Therefore, we rely on a combination of matching and a difference-in-differences estimator. We use two indicators of the offices' success (unemployment rate, growth of the number of SCIII clients). Our results indicate a positive effect of a lower caseload on both outcome variables." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Arbeitsvermittlung - Erfolgskontrolle, Arbeitsvermittler - Modellversuch, berufliche Reintegration - Quote, Arbeitslosenquote, Arbeitsvermittlerquote
Angular correlation of electrons and positrons in internal pair conversion
The angular distribution of electrons and positrons emitted in internal pair conversion is calculated. Coulomb-distorted waves are used as electron wave functions. Nuclear transitions of various multipolarities L>0 and of magnetic (ML) and of electric (EL) type are considered as well as E0 conversion. Analytical expressions for the angular correlation are derived, which are evaluated numerically assuming a finite extension of the nucleus and, for the EL and ML conversion, also in the point-nucleus approximation. The calculated angular correlations are compared with results obtained within the Born approximation and, for the E0 case, with experimental data
Analysis of Intel's Haswell Microarchitecture Using The ECM Model and Microbenchmarks
This paper presents an in-depth analysis of Intel's Haswell microarchitecture
for streaming loop kernels. Among the new features examined is the dual-ring
Uncore design, Cluster-on-Die mode, Uncore Frequency Scaling, core improvements
as new and improved execution units, as well as improvements throughout the
memory hierarchy. The Execution-Cache-Memory diagnostic performance model is
used together with a generic set of microbenchmarks to quantify the efficiency
of the microarchitecture. The set of microbenchmarks is chosen such that it can
serve as a blueprint for other streaming loop kernels.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1509.0311
Automated Instruction Stream Throughput Prediction for Intel and AMD Microarchitectures
An accurate prediction of scheduling and execution of instruction streams is
a necessary prerequisite for predicting the in-core performance behavior of
throughput-bound loop kernels on out-of-order processor architectures. Such
predictions are an indispensable component of analytical performance models,
such as the Roofline and the Execution-Cache-Memory (ECM) model, and allow a
deep understanding of the performance-relevant interactions between hardware
architecture and loop code. We present the Open Source Architecture Code
Analyzer (OSACA), a static analysis tool for predicting the execution time of
sequential loops comprising x86 instructions under the assumption of an
infinite first-level cache and perfect out-of-order scheduling. We show the
process of building a machine model from available documentation and
semi-automatic benchmarking, and carry it out for the latest Intel Skylake and
AMD Zen micro-architectures. To validate the constructed models, we apply them
to several assembly kernels and compare runtime predictions with actual
measurements. Finally we give an outlook on how the method may be generalized
to new architectures.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 7 table
Special Needs to Prescribe Exercise Intensity for Scientific Studies
There is clear evidence regarding the health benefits of physical activity. These benefits follow a dose-response relationship with a particular respect to exercise intensity. Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription have been established to provide optimal standards for
exercise training. A wide range of intensities is used to prescribe exercise, but this approach is limited. Usually percentages of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) or heart rate (HR) are applied to set exercise training intensity but this approach yields substantially variable metabolic and cardiocirculatory responses. Heterogeneous acute responses and training effects are explained by the nonuniform heart rate performance curve during incremental exercise which significantly alters the calculations of %HRmax and %HRR target HR data. Similar limitations hold true for using %VO2max and %VO2R. The solution of these shortcomings is to strictly apply objective submaximal markers such as thresholds or turn points and to tailor exercise training within defined regions
SCS 34: On Complete Lattices L for which O(L) is Continuous - A Lattice Theoretical Characterization of CS.
With inputs from J.D. Lawson and M. Mislove
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