Le cassis (Ribes nigrum L.) (études botanique, chimique et effets thérapeutiques)

Ce mémoire permet de faire une synthèse des connaissances sur une plante médicinale inscrite à la Pharmacopée Française XIe édition, le cassis, Ribes nigrum L., ainsi que ses usages pharmaceutiques. Le nom du cassis dérive du mot casse (dialecte poitevin signifiant en latin fausse cannelle). De la famille des Grossulariacées, le cassis est un arbrisseau d un à deux mètres, non épineux à fleurs vertes-rougeâtres en grappes, à feuilles vertes foncées. Originaire du nord de l Europe et de l Asie, cette plante se rencontre souvent dans les environnements humides comme les bois ; et c est en Bourgogne que la culture du cassis est la plus répandue en France. De part sa composition chimique riche en polyphénols, flavonoïdes, et anthocyanosides, contenus dans ses feuilles, ses fruits, ses bourgeons et son huile essentielle, le cassis montre une grande diversité d actions pharmacologiques : anti-oxydante, protectrice vis-à-vis des maladies cardiovasculaires, anti-herpétique, anti-infectieuse, anti-inflammatoire, hypo-tensive, et diverses actions sur l acuité visuelle. Ses applications dans l industrie agro-alimentaire comme colorant naturel et en liquoristerie avec les crèmes et les liqueurs de cassis, sont aussi responsables de sa renommée.This thesis makes a sum-up of the knowledge on a medicinal plant listed at the French Pharmacopoeia 11th edition, blackcurrant, Ribes nigrum L., and on its therapeutical uses. The name of blackcurrant is coming from the word "casse" (meaning in latin fake cinnamon). Blackcurrant belongs to the Grossulariacea family, it s a shrub, of one to two meters of heights without thorn, with green-red flowers, and dark green leaves. Coming from North Europea and Asia, this plant is usually growing in wet environments like woods; and it s in Bourgogne that s its culture is the most spread in France. With its rich composition in polyphénols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins contained in its leaves, fruits, buds and essential oil, blackcurrant shows a large diversity of pharmacological actions: anti-oxydant, protective to cardiovascular disease, anti-herpetic, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and others actions on visual acuity. Its applications in food industry as a natural dye and in liquoristery with cream and liquors of blackcurrant, are also responsible for his reputation.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Corporal punishment of children: discipline or abuse?

Introduction: Corporal punishment is a public health problem due to its impact on the physical, psychological, and social interactions of children.Objectives: To determine the knowledge of pediatricians in Lebanon regarding corporal punishment, their preventive, educational, and legal role.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 153 pediatricians in Lebanon, by a questionnaire distributed at the 12th Annual Congress of the Lebanese Pediatric Society and the North Lebanon Pediatric Society.Results: Less than 50% and less then 60% of pediatricians know the effects of physical punishment on the physical and psychic health of the child, respectively. About 74.2% and 23.2% of pediatricians disagree with Article186 of the Lebanese Criminal Code and Lebanese Law422/02 (Article25), respectively. Only 76.2% of Lebanese pediatricians always advise the abandonment of corporal punishment and 4.7% advise its use for discipline.Conclusion: Pediatricians play a fundamental role in the abolition of corporal punishment, but this cannot be accomplished without improving their skills in this area. They are invited to seek legal reforms in Lebanon to abolish the use of corporal punishment as a means of disciplining children.Keywords: Corporal punishment; pediatricians’ role; knowledg

ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tools Retrospective version (ICAST-R): Delphi study and field testing in seven countries

Objectives: To gain consensus among an ethnically and linguistically diverse group of international child protection experts on the structure and content of a new survey tool for retrospective measurement of child abuse, and to determine the performance of the instrument through an international field trial with young adults. Methods: The questionnaire was developed through focus group discussions with international experts, and then subjected to a Delphi study in two waves to determine the perceived importance and translatability of items. The resultant questionnaire was translated into six languages and field tested in seven countries with convenient samples of young adults aged 18–26 years (N = 842). Results: Child maltreatment experts from 28 countries provided input to questionnaire development. Satisfactory agreement on draft item inclusion and exclusion and the translatability of items was gained. The tool includes 15 primary questions about potentially abusive physical, sexual and emotional events, with follow-up questions about perpetrator characteristics, frequency of acts and periods in childhood when the recalled abuse occurred. The field test revealed lifetime prevalence per item usually exceeded 10% (11/15 items; range 2.1–49.5%). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was moderate to high for each of three item sub-sets (between .61 and .82) and the rates of missing data were low (less than 1.5% for 14 of 15 items). The great majority of respondents nominated either peer and/or adult perpetrators (between 82.3% and 98.2% depending upon the item), and among these, child/adolescent peers and non-family adults (including teachers for emotional and physical acts) were nominated often. Conclusions: The ICAST-R is based on consensus from international experts, translates clearly and has satisfactory properties for adoption as a survey tool to estimate prevalence and describe perpetrators and other contextual aspects of child abuse. Practice implications: This tool can be utilized in a broad range of cultures and languages and may contribute to improved research practice. Although the core items are limited to just 15 acts of maltreatment, if these behaviorally specific questions are adopted as key indicators and incorporated into comprehensive local, national or regional surveys, eventually there should be greater comparability in survey estimates

L'adolescent et son corps

International audienc

Overlap between Baller-Gerold and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.

International audienceWe report a male patient with craniosysnostosis, bilateral radial and ulnar hypoplasia, absent thumbs, poikiloderma, and short stature. His parents are first cousins. Although this patient was originally diagnosed as having Baller-Gerold syndrome it is more likely that he has Rothmund-Thomson syndrome or a similar disorder. This report confirms the overlap between these two syndromes, and that Baller-Gerold syndrome is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of routine immunization services in Lebanon.

IntroductionThe global abrupt progression of the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt critical life-saving services such as routine immunization (RI), thus increasing the susceptibility of countries to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Being endemic to several infectious diseases, Lebanon might be at increased risk of outbreaks as the utilization of RI services might have deteriorated due to the pandemic and the country's political unrest following the October 2019 uprising. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the utilization of RI services in both the public and private sectors following the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA self-administered cross-sectional survey was completed electronically, in April 2020, by 345 private pediatricians who are registered in professional associations of physicians in Lebanon and provide immunization services at their clinics. Means of the reported percentages of decrease in the utilization of vaccination services by pediatricians were calculated. As for the public sector, an examination of the monthly differences in the number of administered vaccine doses in addition to their respective percentages of change was performed. Adjustment for the distribution of RI services between the sectors was performed to calculate the national decrease rate.ResultsThe utilization of vaccination services at the national level decreased by 31%. In the private sector, immunization services provision diminished by 46.9% mainly between February and April 2020. The highest decrease rates were observed for oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and hepatitis A, followed by measles and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. The number of vaccine doses administered in the public sector decreased by 20%. The most prominent reductions were detected for the OPV and measles vaccines, and during October 2019 and March 2020.ConclusionThe substantial decrease in the utilization of RI as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic requires public health interventions to prevent future outbreaks of VPDs