Genetic Diversity and Gene Flow among Stable Fly Populations, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) in Thailand

ABSTRACT Isozymes from five wild-caught Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) were compared using starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the rates of gene flow between and among S. calcitrans populations from five different geographic regions of Thailand. Among ten enzyme systems, 13 putative loci and 10 polymorphisms were detected. Limited genetic differentiation among the five populations was observed as indicated by the low F ST (0.078). The highest percentage of polymorphic loci was observed in eastern Trat province and northern Chiang Mai province (69.2%), whereas the lowest percent polymorphism was seen in south-central Saraburi province (23.1%). Gene flow between populations varied from 6.16 to 15.38 reproductive migrants per generation with no fixed genetic differences detected. Among the five population samples, no correlation was seen between genetic and geographical distances showing that sampled S. calcitrans fit closely in the same cluster taxa. The genetic and epidemiological ramifications of these findings are discussed

Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Distribution in Thailand

ABSTRACT Diurnal sampling of stable flies (Stomoxys spp.) was carried out in ten localities throughout Thailand in 2007. Vavoua traps were used to lure and capture flies in ten provinces of the country, representing four major ecological settings: six small local dairy farms; two large industrial dairy farms; one national park; and one wildlife conservation area. Six species of stable flies were identified: Stomoxys calcitrans (91.5%), S. bengalensis (4.7%), S. uruma (2%), S. indicus (1%), S. sitiens (0.6%) and S. pullus (0.2%). The number of stable flies collected differed significantly among different collection sites, with greater numbers from dairy farms (χ 2 = 360.15, df = 3, P< 0.05)

Wing Phenotypic Variation among <i>Stomoxys calcitrans</i> (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations in Thailand

Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is a cosmopolitan hematophagous ectoparasite of veterinary and medical importance. It is an important mechanical vector of several animal pathogens and can cause significant economic losses. However, the morphological variation of this species remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic variation in the wing size and shape of S. calcitrans populations in Thailand based on a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. Specimens were collected from five populations in five geographical regions in Thailand. A total of 490 left wings of S. calcitrans (245 female and 245 male individuals) were used for geometric morphometric analysis. Wing size differences were detected between some populations of S. calcitrans, whereas wing shape differences were found among populations. Therefore, the phenotypic variation in S. calcitrans populations indicated that these populations are adaptive responses to local environmental pressures, suggesting the presence of phenotypic plasticity in this species

Caenocoris nerii (Germar, 1847) à la conquête de la France méditerranéenne (Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeidae)

National audienc

Toxicity of geraniol solution in vitro to the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus galinae

Geraniol is a bioactive component found in Palmarosa essential oil which has previously demonstrated good repellence to cattle ticks, mosquitoes and sand flies. The toxicity of geraniol to Dermanyssus gallinae, the most economically deleterious ectoparasite of laying hens in Europe, was studied in vitro in the laboratory, Exposure of D. gallinae to 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations of geraniol (equaling approximately to 0.02, 0.04 and 0.07 mg/cm(2) geraniol, respectively) over a period of 24 hours resulted in 100% mortality of D. gallinae at all doses used

Living high-training low : tolerance and acclimatization in elite endurance athletes

The "living high-training low" (LHTL) model is frequently used to enhance aerobic performance. However, the clinical tolerance and acclimatization process to this intermittent exposure needs to be examined. Forty one athletes from three federations (cross-country skiers, n=11; swimmers, n=18; runners, n=12) separately performed a 13 to 18-day training at the altitude of 1,200 m, by sleeping either at 1,200 m (CON) or in hypoxic rooms (HYP), with an O2 fraction corresponding to 2,500 m (5 nights for swimmers and 6 for skiers and runners), 3,000 m (6 nights for skiers, 8 for swimmers and 12 for runners) and 3,500 m (6 nights for skiers). Measurements performed before, 1 or 15 days after training were ventilatory response (HVRe) and desaturation (δSaO2e) during hypoxic exercise, an evaluation of cardiac function by echocardiography, and leukocyte count. Lake Louise AMS score and arterial O2 saturation during sleep were measured daily for HYP. Subjects did not develop symptoms of AMS. Mean nocturnal SaO2 decreased with altitude down to 90% at 3,500 m and increased with acclimatization (except at 3,500 m). Leukocyte count was not affected except at 3,500 m. The heart function was not affected by LHTL. Signs of ventilatory acclimatization were present immediately after training (increased HVRe and decreased δSaO2e) and had disappeared 15 days later. In conclusion, LHTL was well tolerated and compatible with aerobic training. Comparison of the three patterns of training suggests that a LHTL session should not exceed 3,000 m, for at least 18 days, with a minimum of 12 h day-1 of exposure