Analisis Keuntungan Dan Kerugian Indonesia Terkait Opsi Penyelesaian Sengketa Investasi Indonesia Dengan Churchill Mining Plc Di Icsid

Churchill Mining plc is a British company that is now suing Indonesian government to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID). This lawsuit is lodged because of a mining license revocation by Kutai Timur regional government to Ridlatama Group, affecting approximately 35 thousand hectares. This study elaborates on the success chance of Indonesian government to be careful and not lose in the dispute. Result of this study shows that the dispute settlement in ICSID have its upsides, such as the secrecy of the proceedings, and Indonesian government needs to prepare some aspects to avoid losing, such as strong evidences. IntisariChurchill Mining plc merupakan Perusahaan milik Inggris yang saat ini sedang menggugat Pemerintah Indonesia ke lembaga Arbitrase Internasional ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute). Gugatan tersebut diajukan karena adanya pencabutan izin pertambangan Ridlatama Group oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Kutai Timur pada area sekitar 35 ribu hektare. Penelitian ini membahas tentang peluang keberhasilan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk berhati-hati dan tidak mengalami kekalahan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa dengan pihak Churchill Mining Plc di ICSID. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa antara Pemerintah Indonesia dengan Churchill Mining melalui ICSID memiliki beberapa keuntungan, seperti kerahasiaan proses beracara, dan Pemerintah Indonesia perlu menyiapkanbeberapa hal agar dapat memenangkan sengketa yang sedang dihadapinya seperti bukti-bukti hukum yang kuat

Investigations on offshore wind turbine inflow modelling using numerical weather prediction coupled with local-scale computational fluid dynamics

The computational power available nowadays to industry and research paves the way to increasingly more accurate systems for the wind resource prediction. A promising approach is to support the mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) with high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This approach aims at increasing the spatial resolution of the wind prediction by not only accounting for the complex and multiphysics aspects of the atmosphere over a large geographical region, but also including the effects of the fine scale turbulence and the interaction of the wind flow with the sea surface. In this work, we test a set of model setups for both the mesoscale (NWP) and local scale (CFD) simulations employed in a multi-scale modelling framework. The method comprises a one-way coupling interface to define boundary conditions for the local scale simulation (based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations) using the mesoscale wind given by the NWP system. The wind prediction in an offshore site is compared with LiDAR measurements, testing a set of mesoscale planetary boundary layer schemes, and different model choices for the local scale simulation, which include steady and unsteady approaches for simulation and boundary conditions, different turbulence closure constants, and the effect of the wave motion of the sea surface. The resulting wind is then used for the simulation of a large wind turbine, showing how a realistic wind profile and an ideal exponential law profile lead to different predictions of wind turbine rotor performance and loads

Mapping of QTLs associated with biological nitrogen fixation traits in soybean.

Biological nitrogen fi xation (BNF) is a key process, but despite the economic and environmental importance, few studies about quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling BNF traits are available, even in the economically important crop soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. In this study, a population of 157 F 2:7 RILs derived from crossing soybean cultivars Bossier (high BNF capacity) and Embrapa 20 (medium BNF capacity) was genotyped with 105 simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs). The genetic map obtained has 1231.2 cM and covers about 50% of the genome, with an average interval of 18.1 cM. Three traits, nodule number (NN), the ratio nodule dry weight (NDW)/NN and shoot dry weight (SDW) were used to evaluate BNF performance. A composite interval mapping for multiple traits method (mCIM) analysis mapped two QTLs for SDW (LGs E and L), three for NN (LGs B1, E and I), and one for NDW/NN (LG I); all QTLs were of small effect (R 2 -values ranging from 1.7% to 10.0%) and explained 15.4%, 13.8% and 6.5% of total variation for these three traits, respectively

Woven natural fibre reinforced composite materials for medical imaging

Repeatable patient positioning is key to minimising the burden on planning radiotherapy treatment. There are very few materials commercially available which are suitable for use in all common imaging and treatment modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-Ray computed tomography (CT) and radiotherapy. In this article, we present several such materials based on woven natural fibres embedded in a range of different resin materials which are suitable for such applications. By investigating a range of resins and natural fibre materials in combination and evaluating their performance in terms of MRI and X-Ray imaging, we show that a woven cotton material impregnated with a two-part epoxy resin provides a 15% improvement in passage of X-Rays and has no impact on the MRI signal (unlike the 40% MRI signal attenuation from carbon fibre), whilst also retaining a flexural modulus up to 71% of that of carbon fibre. These results demonstrate that natural fibre composites produced using such materials provide desirable properties for use in patient support and positioning devices for multi-modal imaging, without the need to significantly compromise on the strength of the material

Enhancing nonclassical bosonic correlations in a quantum walk network through experimental control of disorder

The presence of disorder and inhomogeneities in quantum networks has often been unexpectedly beneficial for both quantum and classical resources. Here we experimentally realize a controllable inhomogenous quantum walk (QW) dynamics, which can be exploited to investigate the effect of coherent disorder on the quantum correlations between two indistinguishable photons. Through the imposition of suitable disorder configurations, we observe two-photon states that exhibit an enhancement in the quantum correlations between two selected modes of the network, compared to the case of an ordered QW. Different configurations of disorder can steer the system toward different realizations of such an enhancement, thus allowing spatial and temporal manipulation of quantum correlations between remote modes of QW networks

Avaliação de cruzamentos dialélicos para produção de grãos e caracteres agronômicos, e perspectivas de melhoramento em soja.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros da capacidade geral e específica de combinação, identificando genitores e combinações promissoras para gerar populações segregantes que atendam a um programa de melhoramento genético de soja no Estado de São Paulo

Exploring the front-end of project management

This paper is a multi-case study exploratory investigation into the earliest stages of projects and their management. We refer to this throughout the paper as the ‘front-end’. We provide a definition of this phase of the project life cycle and conduct a literature review of the various topics that would suggest themselves to be apposite to the front-end. This includes governance and strategy; requirements and technology; estimating; risk and value; people and learning and development. Following this review of literature, we set out the approach taken in the empirical study. The context for the study was the UK, although many of the organizations investigated had a global presence and some of their projects were multinational in nature. We detail the research methods, the multi-case study route taken and the nature of the in-depth interviews with senior project management representatives from nine extremely credible organizations experienced in managing projects. Our findings are presented so as to identify the key set of findings determined after multiple passes of the interview details. These findings reflect both what comprises the front-end of projects and what management does in the front-end. Some of this would be expected of project management, but we found aspects of the front-end management that are not within the normal remit of what is considered to be traditional project management. These findings both reinforce the literature and offer new insights, for example, showing the strong influence of the commercial and economic non-project players in leading or influencing the front-end of projects. A considered set of conclusions are presented together with recommendations for further research

Intercruzamento em uma população de soja derivada de um retrocruzamento e perspectivas de melhoramento.

Os efeitos de uma geração de intercruzamento em uma população de soja foram avaliados através das médias, variâncias genéticas e respostas à seleção, para o caráter produtividade de grãos. A partir de um cruzamento biparental entre duas linhagens foi realizado um retrocruzamento para a linhagem mais produtiva (RC1). Em seguida esta população foi recombinada, dando origem à população de retrocruzamento intercruzada (RC1#). Na sequência foram obtidas progênies de plantas individuas das duas populações (RC1 e RC1#), via autofecundação natural, num total de 118 progênies por população, que correspondem às progênies RC1F2 e RC1#F2. As progênies das duas populações foram avaliadas no ano agrícola de 2008/09, em experimentos em látice 11x11 com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram colhidas em bulk (gerações RC1F3 e RC1#F3) e avaliadas novamente no ano agrícola 2010/11, utilizando o mesmo delineamento experimental e número de repetições. As médias foram similares entre as populações RC1 e RC1# dentro de cada ano; entretanto, houve um acréscimo nas variâncias genéticas nas populações intercruzadas (RC1#F2 e RC1#F3) e, devido a isso, a resposta esperada com seleção foi 39% superior, em média, para estas. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância do intercruzamento em programas que utilizam populações derivadas de retrocruzamentos

Advanced sandwich composite cores for patient support in advanced clinical imaging and oncology treatment

Ongoing advances in both imaging and treatment for oncology purposes have seen a significant rise in the use of not only the individual imaging modalities, but also their combination in single systems such as Positron Emission Tomography combined with Computed Tomography (PET–CT) and PET–MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) when planning for advanced oncology treatment, the most demanding of which is proton therapy. This has identified issues in the availability of suitable materials upon which to support the patient undergoing imaging and treatment owing to the differing requirements for each of the techniques. Sandwich composites are often selected to solve this issue but there is little information regarding optimum materials for their cores. In this paper, we presented a range of materials which are suitable for such purposes and evaluated the performance for use in terms of PET signal attenuation, proton beam stopping, MRI signal shading and X-Ray CT visibility. We found that Extruded Polystyrene offers the best compromise for patient support and positioning structures across all modalities tested, allowing for significant savings in treatment planning time and delivering more efficient treatment with lower margins

Avaliação de genitores de soja adaptados ao Estado de São Paulo em cruzamentos dialélicos.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros da capacidade geral e específica de combinação entre seis cultivares de soja adaptadas às condições de cultivo do Estado de São Paulo, identificando genitores e combinações promissoras. Os seis genitores e os 15 cruzamentos foram avaliados em um experimento em blocos casualizados com 20 repetições, utilizando parcelas lineares de 2 m espaçadas de 0,5 m, contendo 30 plantas após o desbaste