U.S. AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK UPDATE AND PROJECTIONS FOR THE WEST TO 1985 AND 2000

Farm Management,

Test excavations at Citico (40HA65) Hamilton County, Tennessee

In June and July, 1988 test excavations were conducted on a portion of the Citico Site (40HA65). A considerable amount of cultural material, structural features and human burials were documented. More importantly, it was demonstrated that significant portions of the site remain archaeologically intact. Further research would provide valuable insights concerning this major southeastern site.https://scholar.utc.edu/archaeology-reports/1070/thumbnail.jp

IV. Fossil Fishes From The Miocene Ellensburg Formation, South Central Washington

The Ellensburg Formation was named for sediments deposited in the Kittitas Valley along the Yakima River near Ellensburg, Washington (Russell, 1893, 1900). Similar beds are present to the south along the leeward front of the emerging central Cascade Mountains; including the Nile, Selah, Yakima, and Toppenish basins. Further south along the Columbia River, portions of the Dalles Group, Rhododendron Formation, and Sandy River Mudstone are likely temporal equivalents; the latter two of which are found on the windward side of the uplifting Cascade Range (Farooqui, et al., 1981; Evarts et al., 2009).Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146545/1/MP 204vol4.pdfDescription of MP 204vol4.pdf : Main Articl

Fossil And Recent Mountain Suckers, Pantosteus, And Significance Of Introgression In Catostomin Fishes Of Western United States

Catostomus is the most diverse genus of fishes in western North America. Over thirty species of Catostomus and other catostomins have been classified in five recent genera, Catostomus, Deltistes, Chasmistes, Xyrauchen, and Pantosteus. Introgressed evolutionary history is apparent in all five western catostomin genera. Mountain suckers, subgenus Pantosteus, are small and medium-sized fishes that live in moderate-gradient streams in the foothills and mountains, from the Black Hills to Pacific coastal drainages and from western Canada to central Mexico. Pantosteus is distinct in its molecular as well as morphological traits, but it is polyphyletic because Catostomus (Pantosteus) columbianus shares unique, derived morphological traits with Pantosteus and mtDNA with Catostomus (s.s.), thereby identifying two genera in its ancestry. We recognize three subgroups of Pantosteus: C. (P.) discobolus group of six species is distributed in the Snake River, eastern and southern Basin and Range Province to central Mexico, the Colorado Plateau, and the Los Angeles Basin. The C. (P.) platyrhynchus species group consists of four species, found in the Columbia, Snake, Upper Missouri, Upper Green, Lahontan, and Bonneville basins. Catostomus (P.) columbianus is a separate subgroup. The Pantosteus fossil record is sparse. We describe three Miocene records of the C. (P.) discobolus group from Oregon and Washington, three Pliocene species from Idaho and Nevada, and two Pleistocene records--from the Rio Grande rift in Colorado and from the Missouri River drainage of Kansas. The Kansas record suggests a much wider range for the species during glacial periods. Miocene relatives of C. (P.) discobolus from three sites in Oregon and Washington, 11.5-8.5 million years old, are morphologically advanced suckers. The Pliocene species from southern Nevada is intermediate between its modern relatives in the surrounding Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. At least one of the two Pliocene mountain suckers in the Snake River drainage was probably involved in the hybrid ancestry of C. (P.) columbianus. The general Pantosteus pattern suggests an origin in the northwest Great Basin and Columbia Plateau, with a history of dispersal, isolation, and evolution southward through Basin and Range drainages to the Colorado Plateau and Mexico, and eastward across the Rocky Mountains to the Missouri drainage. Mountain suckers are adapted to moderate-gradient mountain streams and to scraping food from rocky substrate.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122717/1/OP 743.pd

Automated Circuit Diagnosis using First Order Logic Tools

While Numerous Diagnostic Expert Systems Have Been Successfully Developed in Recent Years, They Are Almost Uniformly based on Heuristic Reasoning Techniques (I.e., Shallow Knowledge) in the Form of Rules. This Paper Reports on an Automated Circuit Diagnostic Tool based on Reiter\u27s Theory of Diagnosis. in Particular, this is a Theory of Diagnosis based on Deep Knowledge (I.e., Knowledge based on Certain Design Information) and using First Order Logic as the Representation Language. the Inference Mechanism Which is Incorporated as Part of the Diagnostic Tool is a Refutation based Theorem Prover using Rewriting Systems for Boolean Algebra Developed by Hsiang. Consequently, the Diagnostic Reasoning Tool is Broadly based on Reiter\u27s Model but Incorporates Complete Sets of Reductions for Boolean Algebra to Reason over Equa-Tional Descriptions of the Circuits to Be Analyzed. the Refutational Theorem Prover Uses an Associative Commutative Identity Unification Algorithm Described by Hsiang but Requires Additional Focusing Techniques in Order to Be Appropriate for Diagnosing Circuits. a Prototype Version of the Mainline Diagnostic Program Has Been Developed and Has Been Successfully Demonstrated on Several Small but Nontrivial Combinational Circuit Examples

Differences in Prenatal Tobacco Exposure Patterns among 13 Race/Ethnic Groups in California.

Prenatal tobacco exposure is a significant, preventable cause of childhood morbidity, yet little is known about exposure risks for many race/ethnic subpopulations. We studied active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in a population-based cohort of 13 racially/ethnically diverse pregnant women: white, African American, Hispanic, Native American, including nine Asian/Pacific Islander subgroups: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Laotian, Samoan, and Asian Indians (N = 3329). Using the major nicotine metabolite, cotinine, as an objective biomarker, we analyzed mid-pregnancy serum from prenatal screening banked in 1999⁻2002 from Southern California in an effort to understand differences in tobacco exposure patterns by race/ethnicity, as well as provide a baseline for future work to assess secular changes and longer-term health outcomes. Prevalence of active smoking (based on age- and race-specific cotinine cutpoints) was highest among African American, Samoan, Native Americans and whites (6.8⁻14.1%); and lowest among Filipinos, Chinese, Vietnamese and Asian Indians (0.3⁻1.0%). ETS exposure among non-smokers was highest among African Americans and Samoans, followed by Cambodians, Native Americans, Vietnamese and Koreans, and lowest among Filipinos, Japanese, whites, and Chinese. At least 75% of women had detectable cotinine. While for most groups, levels of active smoking corresponded with levels of ETS, divergent patterns were also found. For example, smoking prevalence among white women was among the highest, but the group's ETS exposure was low among non-smokers; while Vietnamese women were unlikely to be active smokers, they experienced relatively high ETS exposure. Knowledge of race/ethnic differences may be useful in assessing disparities in health outcomes and creating successful tobacco interventions

Alternatives for Ground-Water Management in the Brunswick, GA Area

Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference, March 20-22, 1997, Athens, Georgia.The quality of ground-water withdrawals in the Brunswick, GA area has degraded over the years due to the upconing of highly mineralized water into the Floridan aquifer from the underlying Fernandina formation. The upconing has resulted in a saltwater plume in the Floridan aquifer that has migrated among various pumping centers. This degradation in water quality has threatened the potential of the Floridan aquifer as a long term water resource for both industrial and municipal water supply. Several alternatives to improve the water quality of withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer are offered. These alternatives include: 1) making withdrawls from the Upper Floridan aquifer, only 2) optimizing pumping schedules, 3) controlling vertical migration of the plume by manipulating aquifer pressures, and 4) selective pumping in areas outside the plume to control horizontal migration.Sponsored and Organized by: U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyThis book was published by the Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 with partial funding provided by the U.S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey, through the Georgia Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-397). The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of the University of Georgia or the U.S. Geological Survey or the conference sponsors

Fishes of the Mio-Pliocene Ringold Formation, Washington: Pliocene Capture of the Snake River by the Columbia River

1-47http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/48664/2/ID531.pd

EP51

Gerald L. Stokka et al., Bovine Leukosis, Kansas State University, November 1998

In Situ High-Temperature Raman Spectroscopy Via a Remote Fiber-Optic Raman Probe

This Study Demonstrated for the First Time an in Situ High-Temperature Fiber-Optic Raman Probe to Study the Structure of Glass and Slag Samples at Temperatures Up to 1400 °C. a Customized External Telescope Was Integrated into a Portable Fiber-Optic Raman Probe to Extend the Optical Working Distance to Allow the Probe to Work in a High-Temperature Environment. Three Samples Were Evaluated to Demonstrate the Functionality of the High-Temperature Fiber-Optic Raman Probe. Room Temperature and High-Temperature Raman Spectra Were Successfully Collected and Analyzed. in Addition, a Deconvolution Algorithm Was Used to Identify Peaks in the Spectrum that Could Then Be Related to the Molecular Structure of Components in Each Sample. This Flexible and Reliable High-Temperature Raman Measurement Method Has Great Potential for Various Applications, Such as Materials Development, Composition, and Structure Monitoring during High-Temperature Processing, Chemical Identification, and Process Monitoring in Industrial Production