Study of legal framework of involvement of nurses in the process of patient`s informed consent in the republic of Bulgaria and other countries

Introduction: Essential in providing medical assistance to patients is achieving clarity and legal certainty in the work of medical professionals. To this end, a clear and uniform approach in regulation of involvement of nurses in the process of patient`s informed consent, which is currently lacking in the legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria, is to be adopted.Objective: To examine the legal framework of the involvement of nurses in the process of patients` informed consent in the Republic of Bulgaria and other countries.Materials and methods: We have applied a documentary method. A comparative legal analysis of the legislation on the involvement of nurses in the process of patients` informed consent in the Republic of Bulgaria and other countries within the period January 2014 - May 2015 has been made.Deliverables: Based on the comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria and the countries studied, it was found that there is no single approach to the regulations of the involvement of nurses in the process of patients` informed consent in the country unlike the laws of other countries where it is clearly and systematically arranged.Discussion: In the laws that have been reviewed the liability to inform patients lies on all health professionals. According to the analyzed legal definitions in the legal sources compared, a nurse is a health professional and as such, she has certain obligations in the process of informed consent of patients.Conclusion: It is necessary the current Bulgarian legislation on the involvement of nurses in the process of patients` informed consent to be further developed and refined taking into account the experience of other countries

The need to obtain written informed consent for invasive nursing procedures with a view of Bulgarian legislation

INTRODUCTION: The study on the need to obtain written informed consent for invasive nursing procedures has important scientific and practical importance in meeting the patients‘ rights and achieving professional nursing security.AIM: To examine the need to obtain written informed consent for invasive nursing manipulations with a view to the current Bulgarian legislation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have conducted an analysis of the literature and used a documentary method (due diligence). The legal regulation of public relations was analyzed and was linked to the nurse`s par­ticipation in the process of obtaining informed consent from the patient and in particular to the need to obtain written informed consent for invasive nursing procedures. The study is part of a complex, targeted and thor­ough study of the possibilities to optimize the participation of nurses in the process of obtaining informed con­sent from patients, conducted in the period January 2008 - September 2015.RESULTS: As result of the legal analysis of the primary and secondary legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria on the researched problem, it was found that an essential part of the medical activities performed by the nurses belong to the so-called invasive methods. At the same time the law requires informing and obtaining consent for the aforementioned medical activities to be carried out in writing. Moreover, it is a condition regarding the reality and validity of the consent. In this case, we performed a detailed analysis on issues concerning the indi­vidual that is obliged to provide the consent when performing the invasive procedures that are written above.CONCLUSIONS: Based on a thorough analysis of the primary and secondary legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria and also an analysis of the available scientific literature on the issue, the conclusion is that not the doctor, but the nurse is the one to inform and to obtain written consent from the patient before performing the invasive procedures for which the nurse is responsible

Student Nurses On The Non-Healthy Way Of Life

Introduction: The profession of the nurse requires knowledge of the proper, healthy, active way of life, so nurses can guide and advise their patients, and not just be an example for them to follow.Aim:The aim of the study is to establish nutritional and other behavioral habits of nursing students as a prerequisite for their attitudes towards healthy lifestyles.Materials and Methods:1.         Sociological Methods:Documentary method - study of the available literature on the problem;Poll method - Anonymous survey of the opinion of 100 nursing students from sophomore and junior year of MU - Pleven.2.         Statistical methods:Survey data was processed with a computer statistical program - SPSS 19 for WINDOWS and EXCEL.Results and Discussion:The analysis of the survey shows the distribution of the respondents into 3 groups compared to their self-assessment for a healthy lifestyle: 34% define their lifestyle as healthy, 32% as unhealthy, and the remaining 34% cannot tell. There is a large share of respondents (45%) who say they often miss meals, 34% often eat pastry for breakfast and 38% have dinner between 19:00 and 22:00. In terms of physical activity and mental relaxation, a large proportion of students exercise less often than once a month, and almost all spend about or less than 8 hours a day on sleep and rest.Conclusion:From what has been said so far, it can be concluded that most of the nursing students surveyed have unhealthy habits and poor nutrition and are having difficulty in correctly categorizing their lifestyle as being healthy or unhealthy

Lactobacillus bulgaricus - the contribution to modern healthy nutrition

Lactobacillus bulgaricus is part of the traditional Bulgarian food. It was known to the Thracians - the ancient population that lived on the territory of present Bulgaria.At the beginning of 20th century, the Russian scientist and Nobel prize winner Ilya Metchnikov, in his work "The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies" relates the long and healthy life of Bulgarians to the yoghurt consumption and in particular to the local bacterium in yogurt.In the 90s of the 20th century Lactobacillus bulgaricus was used in the production of probiotic functional food for astronauts. Using modern biotechnologies, certain Bulgarian companies sheathe strains of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and other probiotic microorganisms with a natural coating, consisting of components of the growing medium during fermentation. The isolation of new probiotic strains from spring water, which normally survive under the changing climatic conditions in nature, helps the production of probiotic products in which the strains of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and other probiotic microorganisms retain their stability and vitality when passing through the gastrointestinal tract.Bulgaria becomes famous in the world for Lactobacillus bulgaricus and the Bulgarian territory is still an important reservoir for the isolation of natural strains of lactic acid bacteria which after an additional selection are used as starter cultures for the production of various fermented foods and probiotic products.Lactobacillus bulgaricus is the ancient contribution of mankind to the modern agricultural science and the creation of the first healthy foods in the world

A case of non-compaction cardiomyopathy

The aim of this case report was to present a rare myocardial disease, the so-called isolated non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM). This disorder, a primary genetic cardiomyopathy, attracts increasing attention. A woman with a sudden onset of shortness of breath and isolated NCCM is described. Criteria for diagnosis as well as echocardiographic findings and magnetic resonance imaging of the heart are presented. Although rare, a new option of myocardial disease with various modes of clinical presentation but, most commonly, with acute or chronic heart failure should be taken into consideration. Multiple imaging modalities are available and should be used for proper diagnosis.Scripta Scientifica Medica 2013; 45(3): 86-89

Fatty acid suppression of glial activation prevents central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury

Supplemental digital content associated with this article can be found online at http://links.lww.com/PAIN/A853Peer reviewedPostprin

Health risks arising from following a vegetarian or vegan diet

Introduction: According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), alternative diets such as veganism and vegetarianism are gaining more and more popularity. At the same time, the low level of awareness among the public about the complications that could arise from improper diet control is worrying.Aim: The aim of this study is to summarize the possible risks arising from alternative nutrition as well as the ways of its safe application in healthy people and risk groups of patients.Materials and methods: Research articles and reports published in Google Scholar, PubMed, and MDPI were reviewed. Data were also taken from the website of the WHO European Regional Office.Results: Vegan and vegetarian diets are usually rich in folic acid, ω-6 fatty acids, vitamin E and vitamin C, carbohydrates, fiber, carotenoids, and magnesium. Some beneficial effects are observed on cardiovascular and some kidney diseases, the intestinal microbiome, and metabolism. On the other hand, a poorly balanced vegan diet can lead to serious deficiencies in proteins, fatty acids, iron, iodine, zinc, calcium, and vitamins, especially vitamin B12 and vitamin D. Pregnancy and lactation could proceed under a similar nutritional regime as veganism or vegetarianism, but studies show that this is quite difficult to achieve and is a process that must be closely monitored by a specialist, according to the needs of the mother and the baby. For the same reasons, alternative feeding regimes are not recommended for children.Conclusion: Veganism and vegetarianism appear to be applicable, but with caution and adequate supplementation of deficient nutrients, which must be monitored by a specialist. It is most reasonable to consume a moderate amount of meat against a high intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and fish