Multi-Donor longitudinal antibody repertoire sequencing reveals the existence of public antibody clonotypes in HIV-1 infection

Characterization of single antibody lineages within infected individuals has provided insights into the development of Env-specific antibodies. However, a systems-level understanding of the humoral response against HIV-1 is limited. Here, we interrogated the antibody repertoires of multiple HIV-infected donors from an infection-naive state through acute and chronic infection using next-generation sequencing. This analysis revealed the existence of “public” antibody clonotypes that were shared among multiple HIV-infected individuals. The HIV-1 reactivity for representative antibodies from an identified public clonotype shared by three donors was confirmed. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of publicly available antibody repertoire sequencing datasets revealed antibodies with high sequence identity to known HIV-reactive antibodies, even in repertoires that were reported to be HIV naive. The discovery of public antibody clonotypes in HIV-infected individuals represents an avenue of significant potential for better understanding antibody responses to HIV-1 infection, as well as for clonotype-specific vaccine development

Potent and broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies in memory B cells and plasma

Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. Antibody 10E8, reactive with the distal portion of the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41, is broadly neutralizing. However, the ontogeny of distal MPER antibodies and the relationship of memory B cell to plasma bnAbs are poorly understood. HIV-1–specific memory B cell flow sorting and proteomic identification of anti-MPER plasma antibodies from an HIV-1–infected individual were used to isolate broadly neutralizing distal MPER bnAbs of the same B cell clonal lineage. Structural analysis demonstrated that antibodies from memory B cells and plasma recognized the envelope gp41 bnAb epitope in a distinct orientation compared with other distal MPER bnAbs. The unmutated common ancestor of this distal MPER bnAb was autoreactive, suggesting lineage immune tolerance control. Construction of chimeric antibodies of memory B cell and plasma antibodies yielded a bnAb that potently neutralized most HIV-1 strains

Initial steps to construction uncertainty budget for photogrammetric measurements in mechanical engineering

В докладе рассматриваются основные источники неопределенности в фотограмметрических измерениях, их применение в машиностроении с использованием бесплатного программного обеспечения. Программа "PhotoM" предназначена для измерительных микроскопов и используется только при известных расстояниях "а", в основном в биологии и смежных науках при предварительной калибровке для каждого из сменных объективов. Программа работает только в двумерном варианте.У доповіді розглядаються основні джерела невизначеності фотограмметричних вимірювань, їх застосування у машинобудуванні з використанням безкоштовного програмного забезпечення. Програма "PhotoM" призначена для вимірювальних мікроскопів і використовується тільки при відомих відстанях "а", в основному в біології та суміжних науках при попередньому калібруванні для кожного з змінних об'єктивів. Програма працює тільки в плоскому варіанті.This report examines the main sources of uncertainty in the photogrammetric measurements with their application in mechanical engineering with the use of free software. Program called "PhotoM" and is designed for measuring microscopes and used pure only at known distances "a", mainly in biology and related sciences in the pre-calibration for each of interchangeable lenses. The program only works in the flat version

High-spin microsecond isomer in 98^{98}Zr

A high-spin isomer of $^{98}$Zr, of half-life 1.9(2) microsecond, has been observed using the Lohengrin mass spectrometer of the high-flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. The isomer was produced by the thermal-neutron induced fission of $^{239}$Pu. Measurements at the spectrometer focal point of $\gamma$-t and $\gamma -\gamma$ -t, relative to the arrival of a fission fragment, allowed the isomer to be identified and the level scheme constructed. The isomeric state at 6603.3 keV of excitation energy is tentatively assigned a spin and parity of (17$^-$) and is proposed to have a $[\pi (g^{2}_{9/2})\nu(g^{1}_{7/2}h^{1}_{11/2})]$ configuration

Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton–proton collisions at √s=8Te with the CMS and TOTEM experiments

Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss ξ and the four-momentum transfer squared t. Both processes pp→pX and pp→Xp, i.e. with the proton scattering to either side of the interaction point, are measured, where X includes at least two jets; the results of the two processes are averaged. The analyses are based on data collected simultaneously with the CMS and TOTEM detectors at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at s=8Te during a dedicated run with β∗=90m at low instantaneous luminosity and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 37.5nb-1. The single-diffractive dijet cross section σjjpX, in the kinematic region ξ< 0.1 , 0.03<|t|<1Ge2, with at least two jets with transverse momentum pT>40Ge, and pseudorapidity | η| < 4.4 , is 21.7±0.9(stat)-3.3+3.0(syst)±0.9(lumi)nb. The ratio of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet yields, normalised per unit of ξ, is presented as a function of x, the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by the struck parton. The ratio in the kinematic region defined above, for x values in the range - 2.9 ≤ log 10x≤ - 1.6 , is R=(σjjpX/Δξ)/σjj=0.025±0.001(stat)±0.003(syst), where σjjpX and σjj are the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections, respectively. The results are compared with predictions from models of diffractive and nondiffractive interactions. Monte Carlo predictions based on the HERA diffractive parton distribution functions agree well with the data when corrected for the effect of soft rescattering between the spectator partons. © 2020, CERN for the benefit of the CMS and TOTEM collaborations