Development of Injected Code Attacks in Online Banking Fraud Incidents: An exploratory study for understanding the evolution of code used by cyber criminals in financial malware

The frequency of online banking fraud incidents has increased over the last years. A method used by different cybercriminals is the injection of malicious code into the targeted web pages. For example, attackers might inject an additional piece code into the webpage of a targeted bank asking users to enter extra personal information (e.g., the PIN of the card). By comparing attack instances of web injected code attacks from different malware families an answer will given on how cyber criminals evolve the code of financial malware that is been used in injected code attacks against financial institutions. The contribution of this thesis is to verify the current literature of the existence of code re-use among different code instances using different code similarity tools and to explore how and why the code is evolved.Complex Systems Engineering and Management (CoSEM

Temperature effects on mixed mode I/II delamination under quasi-static and fatigue loading of a carbon/epoxy composite

AbstractThis paper addresses the effect of temperature on the mixed-mode interlaminar fracture toughness and fatigue delamination growth rate of a carbon-fibre/epoxy material, namely IM7/8552. Quasi-static and fatigue characterisation tests were carried out at −50°C, 20°C, 50°C and 80°C, using asymmetric cut-ply coupons. The experimental results show that temperature may have an accelerating or delaying effect on delamination growth, depending on the loading regime, i.e. either quasi-static or fatigue. Fractographic examinations were also carried out in order to assist the interpretation of the experimental data. A semi-empirical equation is introduced to describe the experimentally observed fatigue delamination growth rates at elevated temperatures

Nurses’ Knowledge in Relation to the Anorexia–Cachexia Syndrome in Cancer Patients: A Cross-National Comparison in Two European Countries

Introduction: The Anorexia–Cachexia Syndrome (ACS) is a severe complication of cancer and is considered to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality affecting up to two-thirds of cancer patients and one that needs specialized nursing care. Studies showed that the ACS has been relatively under-researched and under-resourced whist the nurses’ knowledge has not been systematically explored. Objective: Τo explores nurses’ knowledge, understanding, and management of ACS in clinical practice in two European countries. Methods: Descriptive-comparative study with 197 cancer nurses recruited during two National Conferences in Greece and Cyprus. Data were retrieved with the “Investigation of anorexia–cachexia syndrome in Practice” questionnaire. Results: In terms of nurses’ perceptions on ACS, the prevailing characteristic reported in both countries was anorexia (p =.65) followed by weight loss (p =.04). 189 nurses (95.9%, p =.176) do not currently use a tool to assess patients’ nutritional status as part of their standard clinical practice. Statistically significant differences were found in relation to the routine assessment of nutritional-related symptoms including early satiety (Cyprus 64% vs. Greece 37%, p =.001), hiccough (66% vs. 36%, p <.001), alteration of the taste/odor sensation (77% vs. 45%, p <.001), problems in the oral cavity (84% vs. 68%, p =.032) and daily activities (85% vs. 69%, p =.032). The priority level for the ACS management differed significantly in the two countries (p =.006), with higher priority being reported in Cyprus. Conclusion: The study showed that more education is needed for cancer nurses to better understand the ACS which can facilitate the better management of the syndrome in clinical practice

Nurses’ Knowledge in Relation to the Anorexia–Cachexia Syndrome in Cancer Patients: A Cross-National Comparison in Two European Countries

Introduction: The Anorexia–Cachexia Syndrome (ACS) is a severe complication of cancer and is considered to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality affecting up to two-thirds of cancer patients and one that needs specialized nursing care. Studies showed that the ACS has been relatively under-researched and under-resourced whist the nurses’ knowledge has not been systematically explored. Objective: Τo explores nurses’ knowledge, understanding, and management of ACS in clinical practice in two European countries. Methods: Descriptive-comparative study with 197 cancer nurses recruited during two National Conferences in Greece and Cyprus. Data were retrieved with the “Investigation of anorexia–cachexia syndrome in Practice” questionnaire. Results: In terms of nurses’ perceptions on ACS, the prevailing characteristic reported in both countries was anorexia (p =.65) followed by weight loss (p =.04). 189 nurses (95.9%, p =.176) do not currently use a tool to assess patients’ nutritional status as part of their standard clinical practice. Statistically significant differences were found in relation to the routine assessment of nutritional-related symptoms including early satiety (Cyprus 64% vs. Greece 37%, p =.001), hiccough (66% vs. 36%, p <.001), alteration of the taste/odor sensation (77% vs. 45%, p <.001), problems in the oral cavity (84% vs. 68%, p =.032) and daily activities (85% vs. 69%, p =.032). The priority level for the ACS management differed significantly in the two countries (p =.006), with higher priority being reported in Cyprus. Conclusion: The study showed that more education is needed for cancer nurses to better understand the ACS which can facilitate the better management of the syndrome in clinical practice

Surface-active organic matter induces salt morphology transitions during new atmospheric particle formation and growth

.The creation of new atmospheric particles via nucleation is an important source of the particles from which Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) are formed. The new particle formation (NPF) process can significantly alter the atmospheric aerosol size distribution and thus CCN activation. CCN are associated with boundary layer evolution, cloud formation, and cloud properties like albedo, or the lifetime. Water vapor condenses upon atmospheric particulates that grow in size to form cloud droplets. Despite its importance, NPF is poorly understood at the atomic level and the ns time scale especially when organic matter (OM) effects are included. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations on ammonium chloride wet aerosol models. Salt within the aerosol is found to transition between different morphologies-brine and crystalline-depending on the presence of OM on the surface of the occurring particle. Particle number, size and growth dynamics are associated with this variant salt morphology. Our findings elucidate the dynamics of NPF and particle growth in the presence of OM