Proteoglycans and osteolysis.

Osteolysis is a complex mechanism resulting from an exacerbated activity of osteoclasts associated or not with a dysregulation of osteoblast metabolism leading to bone loss. This bone defect is not compensated by bone apposition or by apposition of bone matrix with poor mechanical quality. Osteolytic process is regulated by mechanical constraints, by polypeptides including cytokines and hormones, and by extracellular matrix components such as proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Several studies revealed that GAGs may influence osteoclastogenesis, but data are very controversial: some studies showed a repressive effect of GAGs on osteoclastic differentiation, whereas others described a stimulatory effect. The controversy also affects osteoblasts which appear sometimes inhibited by polysaccharides and sometimes stimulated by these compounds. Furthermore, long-term treatment with heparin leads to the development of osteoporosis fueling the controversy. After a brief description of the principal osteoclastogenesis assays, the present chapter summarizes the main data published on the effect of PGs/GAGs on bone cells and their functional incidence on osteolysis

The Paris Commune in the British socialist imagination, 1871–1914

This article is concerned with manifestations of the memory of the Paris Commune in Britain in the decades after 1871. It is about how the Commune was incorporated into the mythology, the canon, of British socialism, and how the memory of the Commune furnished British socialism with powerful and useful symbols. In highlighting the ways in which the events of 1871 captured the British socialist imagination, what follows shows how, despite its oft-emphasised insularity, British socialism was made through the incorporation and appropriation of both native and foreign ideas, symbols, and traditions. The powerful mythologies and symbolism associated with the Commune were taken up by socialists in Britain, and highlight an important intersection between British and French political cultures in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Correspondance entre Lénine et Camille Huysmans, 1905-1914 (suite)

Haupt Georges. Correspondance entre Lénine et Camille Huysmans, 1905-1914 (suite). In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 4, n°1-2, Janvier-juin 1963. pp. 56-116

K. Gušev, Krah partii levyh eserov

Haupt Georges C. K. Gušev, Krah partii levyh eserov. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 20ᵉ année, N. 3, 1965. pp. 612-613

Lénine, les bolcheviks et la IIe Internationale

Haupt Georges. Lénine, les bolcheviks et la IIe Internationale. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 7, n°3, Juillet-Septembre 1966. Hommage à François de Liencourt. pp. 378-407

Correspondance entre Lénine et Camille Huysmans, 1905-1914

Haupt Georges. Correspondance entre Lénine et Camille Huysmans, 1905-1914. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 3, n°4, Octobre-décembre 1962. pp. 582-665

La Russie et les principautés danubiennes en 1790 [Le prince Potemkin-Tavričeskij et le Courrier de Moldavie]

Haupt Georges. La Russie et les principautés danubiennes en 1790 [Le prince Potemkin-Tavričeskij et le Courrier de Moldavie]. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 7, n°1, Janvier-Mars 1966. pp. 58-62

Correspondance entre Lénine et Camille Huysmans, 1905-1914 (suite)

Haupt Georges. Correspondance entre Lénine et Camille Huysmans, 1905-1914 (suite). In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 4, n°1-2, Janvier-juin 1963. pp. 56-116