17 research outputs found
The Noise of Gravitons
We show that when the gravitational field is treated quantum-mechanically, it
induces fluctuations -- noise -- in the lengths of the arms of gravitational
wave detectors. The characteristics of the noise depend on the quantum state of
the gravitational field, and can be calculated exactly in several interesting
cases. For coherent states the noise is very small, but it can be greatly
enhanced in thermal and (especially) squeezed states. Detection of this
fundamental noise would constitute direct evidence for the quantization of
gravity and the existence of gravitons.Comment: First prize in the Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition. 6
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The Harmonic Quantum Szil\'ard Engine
The Szil\'ard engine is a mechanism (akin to Maxwell's demon) for converting
information into energy, which seemingly violates the second law of
thermodynamics. Originally a classical thought experiment, it was extended to a
quantized treatment by Zurek. In this article we show how a quantum Szil\'ard
engine greatly simplifies by replacing the traditional rigid box with a
harmonic potential, thus extending the scope of the model. Remarkably, all
calculations are exact.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
An Ă©tude on global vacuum energy sequester
Recently two of the authors proposed a mechanism of vacuum energy sequester as a means of protecting the observable cosmological constant from quantum radiative corrections. The original proposal was based on using global Lagrange multipliers, but later a local formulation was provided. Subsequently other interesting claims of a different non-local approach to the cosmological constant problem were made, based again on global Lagrange multipliers. We examine some of these proposals and find their mutual relationship. We explain that the proposals which do not treat the cosmological constant counterterm as a dynamical variable require fine tunings to have acceptable solutions. Furthermore, the counterterm often needs to be retuned at every order in the loop expansion to cancel the radiative corrections to the cosmological constant, just like in standard GR. These observations are an important reminder of just how the proposal of vacuum energy sequester avoids such problems