4,610 research outputs found
Towards a Spectroscopic Protocol for Unambiguous Detection of Quantum Coherence in Excitonic Energy Transport
The role of quantum effects in excitonic energy transport (EET) has been
scrutinised intensely and with increasingly sophisticated experimental
techniques. This increased complexity requires invoking correspondingly
elaborate models to fit spectroscopic data before molecular parameters can be
extracted. Possible quantum effects in EET can then be studied, but the
conclusions are strongly contingent on the efficacy of the fitting and the
accuracy of the model. To circumvent this challenge, we propose a witness for
quantum coherence in EET that can be extracted directly from two-pulse
pump-probe spectroscopy experimental data. We provide simulations to judge the
feasibility of our approach. Somewhat counterintuitively, our protocol does not
probe quantum coherence directly, but only indirectly through its implicit
deletion. It allows for classical models with no quantum coherence to be
decisively ruled out.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
Bayesian Inference in Estimation of Distribution Algorithms
Metaheuristics such as Estimation of Distribution Algorithms and the Cross-Entropy method use probabilistic modelling and inference to generate candidate solutions in optimization problems. The model fitting task in this class of algorithms has largely been carried out to date based on maximum likelihood. An alternative approach that is prevalent in statistics and machine learning is to use Bayesian inference. In this paper, we provide a framework for the application of Bayesian inference techniques in probabilistic model-based optimization. Based on this framework, a simple continuous Bayesian Estimation of Distribution Algorithm is described. We evaluate and compare this algorithm experimentally with its maximum likelihood equivalent, UMDAG c
Subtleties of witnessing quantum coherence in non-isolated systems
Identifying non-classicality unambiguously and inexpensively is a
long-standing open challenge in physics. The No-Signalling-In-Time protocol was
developed as an experimental test for macroscopic realism, and serves as a
witness of quantum coherence in isolated quantum systems by comparing the
quantum state to its completely dephased counterpart. We show that it provides
a lower bound on a certain resource-theoretic coherence monotone. We go on to
generalise the protocol to the case where the system of interest is coupled to
an environment. Depending on the manner of the generalisation, the resulting
witness either reports on system coherence alone, or on a disjunction of system
coherence with either (i) the existence of non-classical system-environment
correlations or (ii) non-negligible dynamics in the environment. These are
distinct failure modes of the Born approximation in non-isolated systems.Comment: 16pp, 2 figs, 5 thms. v2: typos corrected, references added and small
change to title to reflect that of published versio
The Ethnographic Subject as Ethnographer: A Neglected Dimension of Anthropological Research
Paper by George E. Marcu
El o los fines de la etnografĂa: del desorden de lo experimental al desorden de lo barroco
Desde los pasados años ochenta, con la crĂtica a la representaciĂłn etnogrĂĄfica de Writing Culture, la escritura de textos etnogrĂĄficos en antropologĂa se ha distinguido por la apariciĂłn perenne de neĂłfitos de nuevos trabajos compuestos de tropos y estrategias estilĂsticas que reflejan las diversas influencias de un periodo de crĂtica. Estos textos âdesordenadosâ eran, y son, valorados como experimentos. Este ensayo argumenta como crĂtica, que estas etnografĂas actuales no son tanto experimentales como barrocas, indicando quizĂĄ un lĂmite a la forma etnogrĂĄfica histĂłrica y la necesidad de empujar de nuevo el espĂritu de lo experimental hacia las condiciones de producir etnografĂa en el trabajo de campo. Esta ârefuncionalizaciĂłnâ de la etnografĂa en su espĂritu experimental reconocerĂa y abordarĂa el lĂmite presente de lo barroco, al que este periodo de crĂtica nos ha conducido de los Ășltimos años ochenta en adelante.Since the 1980s, and the Writing Culture critique of ethnographic representation, the writing of ethnographic texts in anthropology has been distinguished by the perennial appearance by neophytes of new works composed of tropes and stylistic strategies that reflect the diverse influences of the period of critique. These âmessyâ texts were, and are, valorizied as experiments. This essay argues as critique that current such ethnographies are not so much experimental as baroque. Indicating perhaps a limit of the historic ethnographic form, and the need to push the spirit of experiment back toward the conditions of producing ethnography in fieldwork. This ârefunctioningâ of ethnography in its experimental spirit would recognize and address the present limit of the baroque to which the 1980s period of critique and after has led
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The role of cognitive schemas in a web-based student evaluation of teaching system: usability issues of design and implementation
With the increase in the use of web-based student evaluations of teaching (SETs) by
institutions of higher education, the importance of understanding the usability of such
web-based systems has increased. Such understanding is needed to ensure that web-based
SETs produce the best information possible. By using schema theory from cognitive
psychology as a backdrop, this study seeks to identify the impact that the method of
response and grouping of items displayed per page have on the usability of web-based
SETs. Issues of user satisfaction, error rate, and time on task are examined. Participants
were divided into one of six similarity groups based on the degree to which participant
expectation and the design of the web-based SET system matched. Analyzing data from
791 university students at a large southern University, it was determined that the use of a
radio-button response format with SET items grouped by area produces the best results
from a usability perspective. The use of drop-down boxes and text boxes is discouraged
as a response format. Limitations of this study and suggested directions for future
research are discussed.Educational Psycholog
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