455 research outputs found
A Challenge Set Approach to Evaluating Machine Translation
Neural machine translation represents an exciting leap forward in translation
quality. But what longstanding weaknesses does it resolve, and which remain? We
address these questions with a challenge set approach to translation evaluation
and error analysis. A challenge set consists of a small set of sentences, each
hand-designed to probe a system's capacity to bridge a particular structural
divergence between languages. To exemplify this approach, we present an
English-French challenge set, and use it to analyze phrase-based and neural
systems. The resulting analysis provides not only a more fine-grained picture
of the strengths of neural systems, but also insight into which linguistic
phenomena remain out of reach.Comment: EMNLP 2017. 28 pages, including appendix. Machine readable data
included in a separate file. This version corrects typos in the challenge se
Reprogramming Cellular Identity for Regenerative Medicine
Although development leads unidirectionally toward more restricted cell fates, recent work in cellular reprogramming has proven that one cellular identity can strikingly convert into another, promising countless applications in biomedical research and paving the way for modeling diseases with patient-derived stem cells. To date, there has been little discussion of which disease models are likely to be most informative. Here, we review evidence demonstrating that, because environmental influences and epigenetic signatures are largely erased during reprogramming, patient-specific models of diseases with strong genetic bases and high penetrance are likely to prove most informative in the near term. We also discuss the implications of the new reprogramming paradigm in biomedicine and outline how reprogramming of cell identities is enhancing our understanding of cell differentiation and prospects for cellular therapies and in vivo regeneration
The Coastie Initiative
Coastline change is an ever-increasing area of interest with a multitude of research opportunities. The Coastie Initiative was developed with Parks Canada to crowdsource the collection of regular imagery of coastal morphology, building a large dataset for tracking shoreline change. Citizens can partake in this growing program by submitting a ‘Coastie’ through the web-based platform. At every site, a phone cradle, designed to standardize images, is accompanied by an informational panel and a QR code. Visitors can use the QR code to quickly access the submission wizard. After submission, the image is saved and awaits classification by researchers. The intended development of the project includes an achievement system to promote user retention, an automated classification system to eliminate manual labelling, and an ocean literacy stream as an effort to educate and inform the public. The initiative was launched during the fall of 2021 with 5 locations. The Coastie program is a collaboration that has developed from the global CoastSnap Community Beach Monitoring movement that began in Australia in 2017. Using the early prototype dataset, coastal change can be quantified from repeat geo-rectified images. These capture deposition/erosion of the beach and dune topography in response to ambient environmental conditions or higher energy storm events. This dataset will serve as a baseline to monitor how coastal systems respond to climate change, including sea level rise, change in storm activity, and reduction in sea ice coverage. The Coastie Initiative allows citizen scientists to influence coastline exploration participating alongside motivated researchers
Density Fluctuation Effects on Collective Neutrino Oscillations in O-Ne-Mg Core-Collapse Supernovae
We investigate the effect of matter density fluctuations on supernova
collective neutrino flavor oscillations. In particular, we use full
multi-angle, 3-flavor, self-consistent simulations of the evolution of the
neutrino flavor field in the envelope of an O-Ne-Mg core collapse supernova at
shock break-out (neutrino neutronization burst) to study the effect of the
matter density "bump" left by the He-burning shell. We find a seemingly
counterintuitive increase in the overall electron neutrino survival probability
created by this matter density feature. We discuss this behavior in terms of
the interplay between the matter density profile and neutrino collective
effects. While our results give new insights into this interplay, they also
suggest an immediate consequence for supernova neutrino burst detection: it
will be difficult to use a burst signal to extract information on fossil
burning shells or other fluctuations of this scale in the matter density
profile. Consistent with previous studies, our results also show that the
interplay of neutrino self-coupling and matter fluctuation could cause a
significant increase in the electron neutrino survival probability at very low
energyComment: 12 pages, 11 figures. This is a pre-submission version of the pape
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