31 research outputs found
The economic importance of marine angler expenditures in the United States.
In 1998, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) began a series of marine angler expenditure surveys in the
coastal regions of the United States (U.S.) to evaluate marine recreational fishing expenditures and the financial impacts of these expenditures in each region and the U.S. as a whole. In this report, we use the previously estimated expenditure estimates to assess the total financial impact
of anglers’ saltwater expenditures. Estimates are provided for sales, income, employment, and tax impacts for each
coastal state in the U.S. Aggregate estimates are also provided for the entire U.S., excluding Alaska, Hawaii, and Texas. Direct, indirect, and induced effects associated with resident and non-resident angler expenditures were estimated using a regional input-output modeling system
called IMPLAN Pro. Nationwide, recreational saltwater fishing generated over 12.0 billion in income, and supported nearly
350,000 jobs. Approximately 89 cents of every dollar spent by saltwater anglers was estimated to remain within the U.S. economy. At the state level, many of the goods
anglers purchased were imports, and, as such, as little as 44 cents of every dollar stayed in Rhode Island and as much as 80 cents of every dollar stayed in Georgia. In the Northeast, the highest impacts were generated in New Jersey, even though recreational fishing expenditures in Massachusetts and Maryland were considerably higher. In the Southeast, the highest impacts were generated in Florida, and on the Pacific Coast, the highest impacts were
generated in California. Expenditures on boat maintenance/expenses generated more impacts than any other expenditure category in the U.S. Expenditures on rods
and reels was the single most important expense category in terms of generating impacts in most of the Northeast states.
Expenditures on boat expenses generated the highest in most Southeast states, and expenditures for boat accessories produced the highest impacts in most Pacific Coast states.(PDF file contains 184 pages.
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Parallels in the sequential organization of birdsong and human speech.
Human speech possesses a rich hierarchical structure that allows for meaning to be altered by words spaced far apart in time. Conversely, the sequential structure of nonhuman communication is thought to follow non-hierarchical Markovian dynamics operating over only short distances. Here, we show that human speech and birdsong share a similar sequential structure indicative of both hierarchical and Markovian organization. We analyze the sequential dynamics of song from multiple songbird species and speech from multiple languages by modeling the information content of signals as a function of the sequential distance between vocal elements. Across short sequence-distances, an exponential decay dominates the information in speech and birdsong, consistent with underlying Markovian processes. At longer sequence-distances, the decay in information follows a power law, consistent with underlying hierarchical processes. Thus, the sequential organization of acoustic elements in two learned vocal communication signals (speech and birdsong) shows functionally equivalent dynamics, governed by similar processes
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Exploring Survey Methodologies for Collecting Recreational Angler Expenditure Data
Beginning in 1998 on the East Coast of the United States (US) and ending on the West Coast of the US in 2000, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) conducted a series of surveys to gauge marine recreational angler expenditures by region. These surveys were conducted using the Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistical Survey (MRFSS) to gather a sample frame for a telephone follow-up survey focusing on trip and annual expenditures. Since the MRFSS was not conducted in Alaska, Hawaii, or Texas during this timeframe, those states were not included in the analysis. NMFS repeated this effort in 2006, but altered the methodology for a number of reasons. For the 2006 effort, the MRFSS survey was used to collect trip expenditures in the field and collect a sample frame for a follow-up mail survey of annual expenditures on the East and Gulf Coasts. For the California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, Hawaii, and Texas, states not participating in the MRFSS in 2006, a license frame mail survey was conducted collecting both trip and annual expenditure information. Additionally, recreational Highly Migratory Species permit holders were also surveyed, a telephone survey of non-respondents was conducted, and a side-by-side survey mode comparison was conducted. Selected expenditure and economic impact estimates will be presented based on completion of impact modeling currently underway. Also, a comparison of expenditures across respondents and non-respondents, across mail and telephone modes, and between HMS permit holders and general anglers will be presented
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Challenges and Opportunities for Using Rights Based Management to Increase Wealth in Shared Commercial and Recreational Highly Migratory Species Fisheries
While the discussion of the use of rights based management for recreational fisheries began over 10 years ago, there are still very few examples of recreational fisheries managed under a rights based approach. Recreational users in the US have been extremely resistant to strong forms of rights based management for many reasons; equity, fairness, high transactions costs and past culture and traditions to name a few. While a number of highly migratory fisheries are managed using rights based approaches, challenges arise through the use of permanent right allocation; lack of infrastructure (both political and management infrastructure), rights of sovereign nations, high seas governance, etc. With all these issues, it seems as if there are more obstacles than opportunities. This talk will focus on these challenges and some ways to address these challenges in a movement towards more incentive compatible management that increases wealth and resiliency and decreases vulnerability. The author’s current experiences with designing wealth based approaches to conserve Caribbean billfish stocks will be discussed. Perhaps surprisingly, both small scale fishers in the Caribbean and recreational fishing groups have both been using similar rhetoric to oppose strong forms of rights based techniques. The most important point in this entire debate is for both the naysayers and the proponents to realize that rights based strategies exist on a continuum from weak, attenuated community rights to strong, individual rights and there is much room in the middle where management can be improved.Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Innovations in Governance Reform of Highly Migratory and Transboundary Fisheries at the Local and Regional Scales
The World Bank’s Global Environmental Facility’s empanelled the Global Think Tank (GloTT) to examine the use of incentive compatible management (ICM) in Area Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) fisheries. This presentation summarizes the conclusions project that compiled examples of the use of ICM principles in ABNJ fisheries management. This larger effort focused on the incentive compatible activities that are being planned, underway or are completed in ABNJ fisheries across the globe. The focus of this summary was on the pre-implementation, implementation, design and performance, where available, of these ICM tools. An outgrowth of this larger effort was the development of an overarching framework that describes the universe of ICM tools. This framework will be discussed in light of how these tools can be applied in the real world where the perfect, first best conditions are rarely met. The presentation concludes by drawing broad conclusions on the pre-implementation and implementation successes so that they can inform the future movement toward the use of incentive compatible interventions in transboundary fisheries to enhance triple bottom line outcomes. The practical policy advice resulting from this review of ICM in practice was binned into categories that include; motivation and cohesion, definitions, livelihoods, equity and fairness, side payments, markets and nudging, graduality, enabling conditions and non-governmental organization roles in the ICM process, and it is this practical advice that will be the focus of this presentation
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Update on the Caribbean Billfish Project (CBP): Investment Approach and Challenges
Billfish have greater value as living targets for non-consumptive, or minimally consumptive, recreational fisheries than they do as either directed catch or by-catch species in commercial fleets. The pilot projects seek a Coasian solution to this problem through private funding mechanisms. The angler sector has a high willingness to pay for access to the billfish resource and the plan is to develop a mechanism to generate self-sustaining private investment in the sustainable management of highly migratory billfish stocks in the areas within and beyond national jurisdictions. These investments will include improved monitoring, control and surveillance as well as investments in education and gear modifications for the small scale fleets that harvest billfish. It is hoped that these investments in billfish friendly gear modifications will pay livelihood dividends through improved catch rates for billfish in the recreational fishery, improved commercial fish quality and access to high value supply chains for harvest other than billfish and reduced congestion and conflict between sectors. It is also hoped that the project will address the increase in fishing capacity brought by an explosion anchored FADs in the region and their use in a new and growing fishery that targets billfish. As the MCS and governance capacity in the region grows, it is hoped that the same types of policies can be expanded to the distant water longline fleets that have substantial billfish bycatch
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Characteristics of public land grazing permittees
The federal government is the largest single landowner in the 11 western states. The majority of federal lands is grazed by domestic livestock, a consumptive resource use. Communities have evolved dependent on traditional consumptive uses. Recently, non-traditional users today have contested public land management decisions and these users have become strong advocates for changes in our existing public land policies. Several grazing policy changes have been discussed in this policy debate. Changing public land policy means changing the allocation of economic resources on regional and local levels. Very little is known about the public land rancher, confounding analysis of policy impacts. Past research suggests that ranchers are very heterogeneous in terms of individual rancher characteristics and their economic behavior ranges on a continuum from ranching for personal consumption to that of a more classical profit maximizing firm. A survey instrument was designed to collect demographic and socioeconomic data and discrete responses to proposed policy changes. The policy changes examined include increases in the grazing fee, reductions in permit size, and elimination of seasons of use. Cluster analysis was used to identify groups across a spectrum of preferences from consumption of the ranching lifestyle to classic profit maximizing behavior. Eight distinct groups emerge exhibiting a broad range of profit preference. Ranchers' discrete responses to policy change scenarios were then modeled using a Random Utility Model (RUM). Determinants modeled include relevant socioeconomic attributes and the rancher specific opportunity cost of the policy change in question. The results from the RUM suggest that ranchers do value consumptive uses and that typical profit maximizing behavior cannot be expected across all ranchers. Both analyses present similar policy implications. Both show that increasing the grazing fee a small amount would likely have very little affect on the status quo. Also, both results show the heterogeneity of ranchers across the west and their economic irrationality in the face of policies that increase ranching costs
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Summer Flounder Allocation Analysis
Summer flounder is an important commercial and recreational species in
the Mid and North Atlantic regions of the United States. The stock has
been undergoing rebuilding since 1993 and is not currently overfished but
is not yet recovered. Within this fishery, commercial and recreational
quotas are often exceeded. Current allocation is roughly 60% commercial,
40% recreational and the recreational quota is shared between private
anglers and for-hire recreational providers. Also, through the years, the
allocation has crept in favor of the commercial sector. Because the stock is
rebuilding, recreational effort has been increasing. A recovering stock plus
increasing recreational effort has resulted in a downward spiral of more
restrictive regulations. With increasing abundance and increasingly
restrictive regulations, both commercial and recreational users feel they are
being kept out of the fishery unnecessarily. As a result many users feel the
current allocation is unfair. This study examines the current allocation and
makes recommendations as to the optimal allocation between recreational
and commercial users based on the equimarginal principle. Commercial
estimates of the marginal value of a pound of summer flounder are
generated using a dual revenue model of this multi species fishery. On the
recreational side, several random utility site choice models are estimated
for summer flounder harvest using the Marine Recreational Fisheries
Statistical Survey (MRFSS), including a model weighted to account for
choice based sampling in the MRFSS survey. Proxy estimates are
generated for the for-hire recreational industry because no cost and
earnings data exists for this sector. Consumer marginal values are
generated using an almost ideal demand system using dockside prices. The
report concludes that the allocation should move in the direction of the
recreational sector, perhaps significantly. Unfortunately, uncertainty in the
recreational estimates and limitations in the recreational demand modeling
make it impossible to define the optimal allocation point.Keywords: Fisheries Economics, Special Topics, Fishery Management, Valuing Recreational Fisheries and Modelling Human Responses to Changes in their Management Regime
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Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs) for Recreational Fisheries
Under the Global Environmental Facility, the overarching framework for the Caribbean Billfish Project (CBP), fishery science experts have developed a tool, the FPIs, to rapidly assess the generation of ecological, economic and community wealth from commercial fisheries, and to identify the management structures, governance methods, and regulatory instruments that promote successful wealth generation. This tool has been used to profile over 100 commercial fisheries across the world. Recently, recreational FPIs were developed by the same group of researchers with development and piloting help from additional recreational fisheries experts. The FPIs include 90 measures to assess wealth accumulation on 11 dimensions of stock, harvest industry performance, and support industry performance; and 64 measures of enabling factors—including management and governance—to associate with variation in wealth outcomes. Each measure is scored on a one-to-five scale using data where possible, but relying primarily on informal discussion with fishery participants that are then scored by a fisheries expert. This feature makes it particularly well suited to applications in data-poor countries and for quick response times. The recreational FPI test cases covered billfish fisheries in Costa Rica and Cabo San Lucas, and the lessons learned in the test cases were applied to the two CBP pilot countries of Grenada and the Dominican Republic. This presentation will briefly introduce the methodology and detail the preliminary results developed in the recreational FPI application in the Caribbean
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NMFS MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES STATISTICS SURVEY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON ECONOMIC VALUATION
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,