1 1/2 Years in Death Valley

This paper is an exploration into the historian as an independent source of history. Homer T. Rosenberger was an amateur historian in Pennsylvania during the better part of the 20th century. His works on Pennsylvania history, early American history, and contemporary historical events are valuable, if unknown, resources in those fields. However, Rosenberger becomes his own source of history when his battle with cancer is examined in the context of the American 1950\u27s. Rosenberger\u27s reactions to his plight help illustrate the mindset American brought to cancer in the 1950\u27s and the transition in American society since then

History Abroad: How Do Denmark and the U.S. Measure Up?

By viewing bias itself as a product of history, educators and scholars can understand it better in their own times. By studying the historical path of the United States and Denmark, scholars can see that the nature of history can have subtle but important impacts on common education. Even when educators are aware of potential bias, history itself warps its dissemination

Climatic variations in Macerata province (Central Italy)

The province of Macerata, Italy, is a topographically complex region which has been little studied in terms of its temperature and precipitation climatology. Temperature data from 81 weather stations and precipitation data from 55 rain gauges were obtained, and, following quality control procedures, were investigated on the basis of 3 standard periods: 1931-1960, 1961-1990 and 1991-2014. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and temperature were analysed on the basis of six topographic variable (altitude, distance from the sea, latitude, distance from the closest river, aspect, and distance from the crest line). Of these, the relationship with altitude showed the strongest correlation. Use of GIS software allowed investigation of the most accurate way to present interpolations of these data and assessment of the differences between the 3 investigated periods. The results of the analyses permit a thorough evaluation of climate change spatially over the last 60 years. Generally, the amount of precipitation is diminished while the temperature is increased across the whole study area, but with significant variations within it. Temperature increased by 2 to 3 °C in the central part of the study area, while near the coast and in the mountains the change is between about 0 and 1 °C, with small decreases focused in the Appennine and foothill belt (-1 to 0 °C). For precipitation, the decrease is fairly uniform across the study area (between about 0-200 mm), but with some isolated areas of strong increase (200-300 mm) and only few parts of territory in which there is an increase of 0-200 mm, mainly in the southern part of the coast, to the south-west and inland immediately behind the coast. The monthly temperature trend is characterized by a constant growth, while for precipitation there is a strong decrease in the amount measured in January, February and October (between 25 and 35 mm on average)

SEATO Stumbles: The Failure of the NATO Model in the Third World

NATO as an alliance has stood the test of time since the early post-war years. Yet similar alliances such as SEATO passed into history long ago. The problem with the NATO model of alliance was its inability to be applied to the Third World. The particular circumstances of Southeast Asia prevented SEATO from becoming a true successor to the NATO alliance system. In addition, the approach of Eisenhower and his administration to Southeast Asia and anti-communist alliances was undermined by their own political needs and personal experiences. Southeast Asia was fit into the mold of the post-war period and the Cold War

Imperial Electioneering: The Evolution of the Election in the Holy Roman Empire from the Collapse of the Carolingians to the Rise of the Ottonians

The Holy Roman Empire had an electoral process for choosing the Holy Roman Emperor. The heritage of this unique medieval institution can be traced through from Charlemagne empire to the Ottonians. The Empire of Charlemagne had several serious problems that led to its collapse. In the wake of this collapse, the lords of Germany asserted their power and chose leaders for themselves. Between the fall of the Carolingians and the rise of the Ottonians, Germany moved toward an elected kingship with a ducal power base. Only when Otto I became emperor was there a marriage between the German electoral system and the title of Holy Roman Emperor, resulting in the Holy Roman Empire of the late medieval period

Germany and History in Flux: The Generational Changes in Approaching Germany\u27s Past

Historical memory, how a people remember the past, is in a state of almost eternal flux. By following the development of historical memory in post-war Germany, historians can better understand the generational and contemporary impact on popular history. German history illustrates the importance of this concept, as German history has a great deal of 20th century historical baggage

Military spending : A perspective on the restructuring dynamics of the defense sector

URL des Documents de travail : http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/bandeau-haut/documents-de-travail/Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2012.60 - ISSN : 1955-611XThis article is articulated in two sections. In the first-one we try to explain the dynamics of military spending and others social expenditures in the period 1988-2010 for the United States. According to empirical data we support the argument that there is a remarkable trade-off in the allocation of public spending, because, often, the increase in military expenditures was to detriment of those for the education, social security and health. In the second section we analyze the transition from the old "military industrial complex" to the new "military-security system" in the light of defense industry restructing. We focus in particular on the role of financialization and industrial concentration of the firms.Cet article est développé en deux sections. Dans la première nous essayons d'expliquer la dynamique des dépenses militaires et d'autres dépenses sociales dans la période 1988-2010 aux États-Unis. D'après les données empiriques, nous soutenons la thèse selon laquelle il y a un remarquable effet d'arbitrage dans l'allocation des dépenses publiques, car souvent, l'augmentation des dépenses militaires est faite au détriment des dépenses pour l'éducation, la sécurité sociale et la santé. Dans la deuxième section, nous analysons la transition de l'ancien " contexte militaro-industriel " au nouveau " système militaro-sécuritaire ", compte tenu de la restructuration de l'industrie de la défense. Nous mettons l'accent, en particulier, sur le rôle de la financiarisation et de la concentration industrielle des entreprises

Difesa, sicurezza ed economia. Enrico Barone e la guerra tra razionalità e sentimento

Nel corso del Novecento il tema dell’economia di guerra è stato affrontato dagli studiosi in ambiti disciplinari diversi e con approcci distinti. Gli economisti tendenzialmente hanno trattato le conseguenze economiche della guerra considerando quest’ultima un fattore esterno e di disturbo della crescita economica, poichè la scienza economica tendenzialmente viene vista come scienza della pace (COULOMB 2004, p. 3; ANDERTON e CARTER 2009, p. 1). Gli studiosi militari, invece, hanno trattato soprattutto l’aspetto strategico dei conflitti armati estendendo a volte il loro ragionamento alla sociologia e all’economia (MAYER 1981). In questo scritto vedremo che Enrico Barone, intellettuale del primo Novecento, ha proposto in modo lungimirante attraverso i suoi studi economico-militari, un’immagine della guerra come evento interno al ragionamento economico che deve essere letto con gli stessi strumenti teorici del tempo di pace poiché è immanente nella realtà socio-economica. Da una prima analisi della figura di Barone si rileva con sorpresa come i suoi scritti politico-economico-militari siano raramente menzionati nella letteratura del suo tempo. Eppure egli non era certo un personaggio anonimo al mondo accademico degli economisti del Novecento (Maffeo Pantaleoni, Vilfredo Pareto e Luigi Einaudi sono stati i suoi principali interlocutori) e agli studiosi militari. Vedremo che Barone si occupa della relazione tra difesa, sicurezza e guerra in diverse occasioni. Da economista e da militare, egli tratta l’economia di guerra, la storia militare, la strategia militare e la sociologia militare. A giudizio di chi scrive, Barone può essere considerato il primo studioso italiano del Novecento che ha portato il pensiero di Karl von Clausewitz in Italia