Entanglement filter with Rydberg atoms

Devices capable of deterministically manipulating the photonic entanglement are of paramount importance, since photons are the ideal messengers for quantum information. Here, we report a Rydberg-atom-based entanglement filter that preserves the desired photonic entangled state and deterministically blocks the transmission of the unwanted ones. Photonic entanglement with near-unity fidelity can be extracted from an input state with an arbitrarily low initial fidelity. The protocol is inherently robust, and succeeds both in the Rydberg blockade regime and in the interaction-induced dissipation regime. Such an entanglement filter opens new routes toward scalable photonic quantum information processing with multiple ensembles of Rydberg atoms.Comment: 10 pages for manuscript with 4 figures, 16 pages for Supplementary information with 7 figures and 2 table

Sustainabilitas Arsitektur Masjid: Evaluasi Konsep “Simple Architecture” sebagai Implementasi Desain Arsitektur Berkelanjutan suatu Kawasan

Makalah ini membahas aspek-aspek “kesederhanaan” (simplicity) sebagai konsep desain bangunan masjid secara berkelanjutan (sustainable) sesuai konteks dengan mengambil studi kasus masjid kawasan Al-Irsyad Satya Kota Baru Parahyangan, Bandung. Masjid sebagai subyek arsitektur dan pusat ibadah menjadi ruang publik yang didesain dari elemen-elemen yang secara ideal mengandung nilai-nilai Islam dan bertujuan mendukung fungsinya. Desain masjid berkonsep simple atau “sederhana” digunakan sebagai alternatif kontemporer untuk mengoptimalisasi fungsi tersebut, meliputi struktur bangunan hingga biaya pemeliharaan (maintenance) sesuai prinsip keberlanjutan. Keterkaitan erat bangunan masjid dengan aktivitas masyarakat berpotensi melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan pengelola dalam menerapkan program sustainabilitas sesuai konteks lingkungannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbasis pendekatan Grounded Theory secara kualitatif melalui pengumpulan data dari kegiatan observasi, interview dan analisis program keberlanjutan kawasan. Penelitian menemukan keterkaitan konsep “sederhana” yang mendukung sustainabilitas desain sekaligus menggarisbawahi evaluasi konsep desain “sederhana” yang hadir serta faktor pemeliharaan/pengembangan masjid dan kawasan

Trade-Offs between the Metabolic Rate and Population Density of Plants

The energetic equivalence rule, which is based on a combination of metabolic theory and the self-thinning rule, is one of the fundamental laws of nature. However, there is a progressively increasing body of evidence that scaling relationships of metabolic rate vs. body mass and population density vs. body mass are variable and deviate from their respective theoretical values of 3/4 and −3/4 or −2/3. These findings questioned the previous hypotheses of energetic equivalence rule in plants. Here we examined the allometric relationships between photosynthetic mass (Mp) or leaf mass (ML) vs. body mass (β); population density vs. body mass (δ); and leaf mass vs. population density, for desert shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, respectively. As expected, the allometric relationships for both photosynthetic mass (i.e. metabolic rate) and population density varied with the environmental conditions. However, the ratio between the two exponents was −1 (i.e. β/δ = −1) and followed the trade-off principle when local resources were limited. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the energetic equivalence rule of plants is based on trade-offs between the variable metabolic rate and population density rather than their constant allometric exponents

Neovasculature in 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffolds for Murine Critical Sized Bone Defect Regeneration by Photoacoustic Imaging: A Preliminary Study

Abstract: Reconstruction of large bone defects remains a challenge in the orthopaedic clinic. Genetic modification of biomaterial scaffold provides the opportunity to control the cellular microenvironment by inducing expression of tissue inductive factors to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Angiogenesis in tissue-engineering scaffolds is essential for supplying oxygen and nutrients to the cells, removing waste products, and ultimately functionalizing implanted scaffolds. However, it was difficult to visualize and measure angiogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds or new bone in bone tissue engineering in vivo and non-invasively. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a novel imaging modality that can acquire volumetric data in a non-invasive manner. In this study, we fabricated lentivirus-mediated genetic modification of 3D-PLGA/nHAp scaffold (PH), which can deliver recombinant lentivirus carrying cytokine gene-pdgfb (LV-pdgfb). In vitro, the modified scaffolds (PHp) continuously released bioactive LV-pdgfb particles for up to 5 days, and expressed PDGF-BB and significantly promoted migration of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). In vivo, we detected that there were significant increasing of expressing of pdgfb and angiogenesis related genes. In this preliminary study, by using acoustic-resolution PAM (AR-PAM) and optical-resolution PAM (OR-PAM), we have investigated the blood vessels pattern in mouse calvaria in vivo. We have confirmed that PAM is a useful tool in evaluating neovasculature in bone tissue. In the future, we will quantify the neovasculature in 3D-scaffold which assisted bone regeneration by PAM scanning, and correlate the neovasculature with new bone regeneration in a murine calvarial critical bone defect model in the future work