How Much is SUDEP Known by Patients by Epilepsy?

Objective:Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common cause of death in patients with epilepsy. The issue of informing every epilepsy patient and/or their relatives about SUDEP remains controversial. We evaluated the level of knowledge about SUDEP in patients with epilepsy.Methods:Patients were asked whether they knew about seizure risks and wanted to be informed about seizure risks, whether they had heard of SUDEP before and if they did, from whom or where they had heard about it, and seizure triggers. In addition, the patient’s relatives were asked about what to do or not to do during the seizure.Results:We included 80 patients with epilepsy in the study, of which 45 were female (56.2%) and 35 were male (44.8%). Twenty-five (31.2%) patients stated that they had not received any information about epilepsy. Only nine (11.2%) patients stated that they heard about SUDEP, six of them learned from the internet, three from a doctor, two of them said it happened to their relatives, and 69 (86.2%) patients thought that epilepsy patients should definitely be informed about this issue.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that the level of knowledge about SUDEP among epilepsy patients is quite low. Even though learning SUDEP caused uneasiness in patients, it was observed that patients wanted to learn this information. More efforts should be made to inform patients with epilepsy about epilepsy and its risks and SUDEP

Mitat Enç Körler Okulu'nun kuruluşu, gelişimi ve Mithat Enç'in hayatı

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2014.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Ünsal, Mehmet Süha

Piknogenol İçeren in Situ Jelin Yara İyileşme Özelliği İçin Değerlendirilmesi

Aim: Pycnogenol® (PYC) are used for various medicinal purposes. the aims of the present study were to evaluate wound healing activity of PYC loaded in situ gel in mice and to investigate its antibacterial activity. Method: Temperature-sensitive in situ gel containing 5% PYC was formulated by cold method using Poloxamer 188, Poloxamer 407. Blank and drug loaded in situ gel formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH, viscosity, gelation temperature, gellation capacity. the wound healing effect was tested by in vivo wound model. PYC in situ gel was administrated topically at a concentration of 5% for the 10 consecutive days after skin injury. Wound closure was measured for 10 days and at 10th day wound healing was assessed by levels of angiogenesis, granulation tissue thickness, epidermal and dermal regeneration. Its antimicrobial property was evaluated by Agar well diffusion test. Results: the clarity, pH, viscosity, gellation capacity of in situ gels were found to be satisfactory.Results showed that PYC in situ gel exhibited remarkable wound healing activity with the 86.91% reduction of the wound area at the day 10 on the circular excision wound model compared to control group. Moreover PYC showed significant effect on angiogenesis, granulation tissue thickness, epidermal and dermal regeneration compared to the control group. in addition to this, PYC demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities. the most sensitive strains were B. cereus (23.66 mm), C. albicans (22.66 mm), and S. aueus (23 mm). Conclusion: Results indicated that PYC in situ gel enhanced wound healing effectively, and so it may be developed as a an effective agent to improve wound healing in future studies to be performed.Amaç: Pycnogenol® (PYC) çeşitli tıbbi amaçlar için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farelerde PYC yüklü in situ jelin yara iyileşme aktivitesini değerlendirmek ve antibakteriyel aktivitesini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: %5 PYC içeren sıcaklığa duyarlı in situ jel, Poloksamer 188, Poloxamer 407 kullanılarak soğuk yöntemle formüle edilmiştir. Boş ve etkin madde yüklü in situ jel formülasyonları, berraklık, pH, viskozite, jelasyon sıcaklığı, jelleşme kapasitesi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. PYC in situ jelin yara iyileştirici etkisi in vivo yara modeli ile test edildi. PYC in situ jel 10 gün boyunca topikal olarak %5’lik bir konsantrasyonda uygulandı. Yara kapanması 10 gün boyunca ölçüldü ve 10. günde yara iyileşmesi anjiyogenez, granülasyon dokusu kalınlığı, epidermal ve dermal rejenerasyon seviyeleri ile değerlendirildi. Antimikrobiyal özellik Agar well difüzyon testi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: in situ jellerin berraklık, pH, viskozite, jelleşme kapasitesi uygun özellikte bulunmuştur. PYC in situ jelin, yara modelinde kontrol grubuna kıyasla 10. günde yara alanında %86.91 küçülme ile belirgin yara iyileşme aktivitesine sahip olduğunu görüldü. Ayrıca PYC in situ jel, kontrol grubuna göre anjiyogenez, gra- nülasyon dokusu kalınlığı, epidermal ve dermal rejenerasyon üzerinde anlamlı bir etki göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak, PYC antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktivite göstermiştir. En hassas suşlar B. cereus (23.66 mm), C. albicans (22.66 mm), S. aueus (23 mm) olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: PYC içeren in situ jelin etkili bir şekilde yara iyileşmesini arttırdığı görülmüş ve yapılacak ileri çalış- malarla yara iyileşmesinde etkili bir ajan olarak geliştirilebileceği düşünülmektedir