14 research outputs found
Alleviation of Oxidative Damage and Involvement of Nrf2-ARE Pathway in Mesodopaminergic System and Hippocampus of Status Epilepticus Rats Pretreated by Intranasal Pentoxifylline
Testosterone Upregulates the Expression of Mitochondrial ND1 and ND4 and Alleviates the Oxidative Damage to the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System in Orchiectomized Rats
Testosterone deficiency, as a potential risk factor for aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders, might induce mitochondrial dysfunction and facilitate the declines of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by exacerbating the mitochondrial defects and increasing the oxidative damage. Thus, how testosterone levels influence the mitochondrial function in the substantia nigra was investigated in the study. The present studies showed that testosterone deficiency impaired the mitochondrial function in the substantia nigra and induced the oxidative damage to the substantia nigra as well as the deficits in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Of four mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, castration of male rats reduced the activity of mitochondrial complex I and downregulated the expression of ND1 and ND4 of 7 mitochondrial DNA- (mtDNA-) encoded subunits of complex I in the substantia nigra. Supplements of testosterone propionate to castrated male rats ameliorated the activity of mitochondrial complex I and upregulated the expression of mitochondrial ND1 and ND4. These results suggest an important role of testosterone in maintaining the mitochondrial function in the substantia nigra and the vulnerability of mitochondrial complex I to testosterone deficiency. Mitochondrial ND1 and ND4, as potential testosterone targets, were implicated in the oxidative damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system
MSE of the different projection and the original projection.
<p>MSE of the different projection and the original projection.</p
The compare of reconstruction performance between SIRT, SART, MAP-EM and Iterative FBP (the image size is 512 × 512 and the angle interval is 0.5°).
<p>The compare of reconstruction performance between SIRT, SART, MAP-EM and Iterative FBP (the image size is 512 × 512 and the angle interval is 0.5°).</p
The flowchart of the iterative FBP algorithm.
<p>The flowchart of the iterative FBP algorithm.</p
Parallel Projection: an object <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) and its projection <i>p</i><sub><i>θ</i></sub>(<i>t</i>) from angle <i>θ</i>.
<p>Parallel Projection: an object <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) and its projection <i>p</i><sub><i>θ</i></sub>(<i>t</i>) from angle <i>θ</i>.</p
A Novel Iterative CT Reconstruction Approach Based on FBP Algorithm - Fig 7
<p>(a) The compare of MSE using SART and Iterative FBP. (b) is the portion of the first 60s of (a).</p
Reconstruction from the filtered projection: the linear interpolation procedure.
<p>Reconstruction from the filtered projection: the linear interpolation procedure.</p
The original projection vector p470, the reprojection vector, p471, and the corrected projection vector, p473, for the head phantom of size 128 × 128 and <i>θ</i> = 47°.
<p>(a) The whole vector, (b) the portion of the black in (a).</p