Structural controls on magma pathways in Bora-Baricha-Tullu Moye (BBTM) volcanic system, Main Ethiopian Rift

The Bora-Baricha-Tullu Moye (BBTM) volcanic complex is located at a transitional zone in the Main Ethiopian Rift where tectonic and volcanic features show complex interplays. We mapped and characterised volcanic and tectonic features using high-resolution digital elevation models and performed morphometric and vent spatial distribution analyses. Structural analysis reveals NNE–SSW, NE–SW, and NW–SE trending faults in the region. The dominant post-caldera volcanic landforms are lava domes, pumice cones, scoria cones, maars, obsidian coulees and lava flows, which have distinct morphological characteristics. Vent elongation and alignment highlight close association between these landforms and the caldera(s) as well as with tectonic structures, suggesting these structures acted as the main magma pathways during the BBTM recent eruptions. We estimate that during the entire BBTM post-caldera phase a total bulk volume of 10.9 km3 of material was erupted. This would represent a time-averaged magma flux of 0.05 km3 ky-1 in the BBTM

Stratigraphy and eruptive history of Gedemsa caldera volcano, Central Main Ethiopian Rift

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Stratigraphy and eruptive history of Gedemsa caldera volcano, Central Main Ethiopian Rift.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B and C virus infections among female Sex workers in Ethiopia: Results of the national biobehavioral Survey, 2020.

BackgroundHepatitis B and C virus infections are endemic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the highest prevalence of these infections in the world. Female sex workers are exposed to sexually transmitted infections, including hepatitis B and C, because of their high-risk sexual behavior and limited access to health services. There are no large-scale data on the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among female sex workers in Ethiopia, a critical gap in information this study aimed to fill.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, biobehavioral survey conducted from December 2019-April 2020 among 6085 female sex workers aged ≥15 years and residing in sixteen (16) regional capital cities and selected major towns of Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from the participants for hepatitis B and C virus serological testing. The data were collected using an open data kits (ODK) software and imported into STATA version16 for analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions) were used to summarize data on the study variables. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of association between independent variables (risk factors) and the outcome (hepatitis B and C virus infection). Adjusted Odd ratio (AOR) was used to determine independent associations, 95% confidence interval to assess precision of the estimates, and a P value ≤ 0.05 to determine statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among the 6085 female sex workers was 2.6% [(95% CI (2.2,2.8)] and 0.5% [(95% CI (0.4,0.7)], respectively. Female sex workers who had 61-90 and ≥91 paying clients in the past six months [(AOR = 1.66; 95% CI, (0.99, 2.79); P = 0.054] and [(AOR = 1.66 95% CI, (1.11, 2.49); P = 0.013], respectively, age at first sex selling of 20-24 and >25 years [(AOR = 1.67; 95% CI, (1.14, 2.44); P = 0.009)] and [(AOR = 1.56; 95% CI (1.004, 2.43); P = 0.048)], respectively, known HIV positive status [(AOR = 1.64; 95% CI (1.03, 2.62); P = 0.036] were significantly associated with the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. Similarly, hepatitis C was significantly associated with, age at first sex ≤15 years and age 16-20 years [(AOR = 0.21; 95%CI (0.07,0.61); P = 0.005)] and [(AOR = 0.18; 95% CI (0.061, 0.53); P = 0.002)], respectively, known HIV positive status [(AOR = 2.85; 95%CI (1.10,7.37); P = 0.031)] and testing positive for syphilis [(AOR = 4.38; 95% CI (1.73,11.11); P = 0.002)], respectively.ConclusionThis analysis reveals an intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B and a low prevalence of hepatitis C infection among female sex workers in Ethiopia. It also suggests that population groups like female sex workers are highly vulnerable to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other sexually transmitted infections. There is a need for strengthening treatment and prevention interventions, including immunization services for hepatitis B vaccination, increasing HCV testing, and provision of treatment services

Correction: Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B and C virus infections among female Sex workers in Ethiopia: Results of the national biobehavioral Survey, 2020.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269510.]

Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey

Abstract Background Syphilis is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection posing a significant public health challenge, especially in developing countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. Female sex workers are exposed to sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis, because of their sexual behavior and limited access to health services. However, data on national syphilis prevalence estimates and the associated factors are scarce in Ethiopia. This, as well as our limited knowledge about the extent of clustering among female sex workers in the country, is a critical gap in information we aimed to fill through this analysis. Methods The study was a cross-sectional, bio-behavioral survey conducted among female sex workers in six cities and ten major towns in Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a respondent-driven sampling method. Survey participants provided blood samples for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis serological testing. Survey data were collected via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. In this analysis, we employed descriptive statistics to summarize data on the study variables. In addition, we used multilevel bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between independent variables and the dependent variable (syphilis prevalence) while accounting for the clustering effect. Result A total of 6085 female sex workers participated in the survey. Their median age [Interquartile Range (IQR) was 25 (8)] years, and a majority (96.1%) were in the 20–24-year-old age group. The prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers in Ethiopia’s six cities and ten major towns was 6.2%. Being in the age group of 30–34 (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.40, 4.98) and 35–59 (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI = 2.5, 8.86), being divorced/widowed (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.82), having no formal education (AOR = 3.38; 95% CI = 2.34, 5.11), primary 1st cycle (grades 1–4) education (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.79, 4.30), and having primary 2nd cycle (grades 5–8) education (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.21, 2.69) were significantly associated with syphilis among female sex workers. Conclusion The prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers was high. Being divorced/widowed or in the older age group and having a low level of education were significantly associated with an increased risk of syphilis. The high prevalence and associated factors identified need to be considered in planning comprehensive interventions to control syphilis among female sex workers in Ethiopia