Contributions to the knowledge of larval development in Cyclops leuckarti Claus [Translation from: Natura, Milano 19, 89-96, 1928]

Taxonomic observations on the larval forms of Cyclops leuckarti are being discussed and compared with Cyclops oithonoides var. hyalina. Observations include Nauplius and Metanauplius stages. The author concludes that specific differences are recognisable even in the nauplius stages

Modeling Thermal Fluctuations: Phase Mixing and Percolation

We consider the nonequilibrium dynamics of a a real scalar field in a degenerate double-well potential. The system is prepared in the lowest free energy state in one of the wells and the dynamics is driven by the coupling of the field to a thermal bath. Using a simple analytical model, based on the subcritical bubbles method, we compute the fraction of the total volume which fluctuates to the opposite phase as a function of the parameters of the potential. Furthermore, we show how complete phase mixing, {\em i.e.} symmetry restoration, is related to percolation, which is dynamically driven by domain instability. Our method describes quantitatively recent results obtained by numerical simulations, and is applicable to systems in the Ising universality class.Comment: Latex, 7 pages, 2 postscript figures, submitted to PRL. Also available at http://fnas08.fnal.gov

Dome Down Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Our Experience and the State of Art

Introduction: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is nowadays the gold standard technique for benign gallbladder disease both in elective and emergency surgery. But it is even true that in very acute cholecystitis when the tissues are inflamed and the anatomy can be difficult to recognize, the classic laparoscopic approach can lead to biliary and vascular injuries. Dome down laparoscopic approach can be used to avoid conversion to open surgery and decrease surgical complications. Methods: A retrospective record of all Cholecystectomy carried out in our unit by experienced surgeons from January 2013 to August 2017 was examined. Cases were divided by surgical technique: Classical laparoscopic technique, Open cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic converted to open cholecystectomy, Dome down laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (DDLC). A systematic literature search was performed using PubMedz and Embase databases. The search was limited to studies on humans and to those reported in the English language between January 2009 and December 2016. Results and discussion: 194 cholecystectomy were performed, among these 163 with laparoscopic technique and 3% of all laparoscopic approached cholecystectomy were performed as DDLC. The mean hospital stay was 5 days (2-11). 1 out of 5 patients needed postoperatory ERCP and endobiliary stent was positioned removed in 30 days with no other complications. Other 4 patients were evaluated after 1 week from dismission with no evidence of postoperative complications. Conclusion: Dome down cholecystectomy is a feasible and safe procedure; it avoids biliary and vascular injuries in difficult cholecystectomy. It can still be improved by the combination with ultrasonic devices or with new surgical techniques such as Single-incision Laparoscopic cholecistectomy

Lifetime Limit of LSP from Cosmological Light Elements

From the present cosmic abundance of the light elements, one can obtain a lifetime bounds of LSP. From the consideration of deuterium, we obtain $\tau_{\chi} \ge 10^6$ s.Comment: Latex file of 5 pages with two eps figures. Talk presented at cosmo-98, Asilomar, CA, Nov., 199

Neutrino Degeneracy and Chemically Inhomogeneous Universe

A possibility that the universe may be strongly inhomogeneous chemically, while very smooth energetically, is considered. A possible mechanism which could lead to such a picture is a large and inhomogeneous lepton asymmetry. The model may explain possibly observed variation of primordial deuterium by an order of magnitude and predicts helium-rich and possibly helium-poor regions where the helium mass fraction differs from the observed 25% by a factor of 2 in either direction. Helium variation can be observed by a different dumping rate of CMB angular spectrum at small angles at different patches of the sky.Comment: 7 pages, latex twice; presented at COSMO-98, Monterey, USA, November, 199

Small Thermal Fluctuation on a Large Domain

Weak first-order phase transitions proceed with percolation of new phase. The kinematics of this process is clarified from the point of view of subcritical bubbles. We examine the effect of small subcritical bubbles around a large domain of asymmetric phase by introducing an effective geometry. The percolation process can be understood as a perpetual growth of the large domain aided by the small subcritical bubbles.Comment: 6 pages, latex, to be published in Progress of Theoretical Physic

L’internazionalizzazione della ricerca

In questo articolo viene posta in evidenza l’attenzione sull’importanza delle strategie di internazionalizzazione e di ricerca, che, attualmente, sono  al centro del dibattito europeo.Viene rimarcato il concetto dell’investimento in termini di capitale umano e dei saperi, oltre a quello economico, per far emergere la consapevolezza che la crescita di una società è profondamente legata alla produzione dei saperi e della ricerca: fattori di primaria importanza per una società che vuole vincere la sfida della crisi puntando sullo sviluppo dell’internazionalizzazione della ricerca. Vengono evidenziate le varie tappe per l’attuazione di riforme strutturali, necessarie per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi previsti dalla Comunicazione EU 2020. In questa direzione, sono riportate in evidenza le fasi progressive nel panorama italiano, della Direzione Generale per l’internazionalizzazione della Ricerca (Ministero dell’Istruzione) e dei Ministeri coinvolti. In questo senso, la Commissione europea sottolinea la necessità di condividere una strategia comune a livello europeo integrando obiettivi, attori, strategie, azioni e strumenti per l’attuazione della politica nel prossimo Programma Quadro, che avrà il nome di “Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation”.Questa rassegna evidenzia la necessità di lavorare insieme su grandi obiettivi comuni di ricerca, innovazione ed internazionalizzazione per il raggiungimento di risultati concreti finalizzati al benessere collettivo.RésuméDans cet article on met l’attention sur l’importance des stratégies d’internationalisation et de recherche, qui, à l’heure actuelle, sont au centre du débat européen. On remarque le concept de l’investissement en termes de capital humain et des connaissances, outre l’investissement économique, pour faire émerger la conscience que la croissance d’une société est profondément liée à la production des connaissances et de la recherche: facteurs d’importance primaire pour une société qui veut gagner le défide la crise en misant sur le développement de l’internationalisation de la recherche. On met en évidence les différentes étapes pour la réalisation de réformes structurelles, nécessaires pour l’obtention des objectifs prévus par la Communication EU 2020.Dans cette direction, sont reportées les phases progressives dans le  panorama italien, de la Direction Générale pour l’internationalisation de la Recherche (Ministère de l’Instruction) et des Ministères impliqués. Dans ce sens, la Commission européenne souligne la nécessité de partager une stratégie commune au niveau européen intégrant objectifs, acteurs, stratégies, actions et instruments pour la réalisation de la politique dans le prochain Programme Cadre, qui aura le nom de « Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation ». Ce compte rendu met en évidence la nécessité de travailler ensemble sur de grands objectifs communs de recherche, innovation et internationalisation pour l’obtention de résultats concrets Þ nalisés au bien-être collectif.ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird die Bedeutung der Internationalisierungs- und Forschungsstrategien hervorgehoben, die derzeit im Mittelpunkt der europäischen Debatte stehen.Es wird das Konzept der Investition in Human- und Wissenskapital neben der wirtschaftlichen Investition unterstrichen, um das Bewusstsein zu fördern, dass das Wachstum einer Gesellschaft eng mit der Produktion von Wissen und  Forschung verbunden ist; Faktoren von größter Wichtigkeit für eine Gesellschaft, die die Krise überwinden will, indem sie auf die Entwicklung der Internationalisierung und der Forschung setzt.Es werden die verschiedenen Etappen für die Durchführung von strukturellen Reformen aufgezeigt, die für das Erreichen der in der Mitteilung der EU-Kommission 2020 genannten Ziele erforderlich sind.Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt wird im italienischen Panorama die Abfolge der Arbeitsphasen der Generaldirektion für die Internationalisierung der Forschung (Unterrichtsministerium) und der beteiligten Ministerien aufgeführt. In diesem Sinn unterstreicht die Europäische Kommission die Notwendigkeit, eine  gemeinsame Strategie auf europäischer Ebene zu entwickeln, die Ziele, Handlungsträger, Strategien, Aktionen und Instrumente für die Durchführung der Politik im nächsten Rahmenprogramm einbezieht, das den Namen “Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation” haben wird. Diese Übersicht unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, bei den großen gemeinsamen Zielen der Forschung, Innovation und Internationalisierung zusammenzuarbeiten, um konkrete Resultate im Hinblick auf das Gemeinwohl zu erzielen.ResumenEn este artículo se destaca la importancia de las estrategias de internacionalización y de investigación, que actualmente son el centro de atención en el debate europeo.Se subraya el concepto de inversión en términos de capital humano y de saberes, además de la económica, para hacer emerger la consciencia de que el crecimiento de una sociedad está profundamente ligado al producto de los saberes y de la investigación: se trata de factores de importancia primaria para una sociedad que quiere superar el desafío de la crisis apoyando el desarrollo de la internacionalización de la investigación.Se muestran las distintas etapas para la implementación de reformas estructurales, necesarias para alcanzar los objetivos previstos en la Comunicación EU 2020.РезюмеВ данной статье уделяется внимание стратегиям интернационализации и исследованиям, которые в настоящий момент активно обсуждаются на европейском уровне. Рассматривается концепция инвестиций в людей и знания, помимо экономических инвестиций, с целью приобретения сознания, что развитие общества тесно связано с производством знаний и исследованиями - факторыпервейшего значения для общества, которое хочет выйти из кризиса, опираясь на развитие интернационализации исследований. Выделяются различные этапы для осуществления структурных реформ, необходимых для достижения целей, предусмотренных Сообщением ЕС 2020.В этом направлении рассматриваются прогрессивные фазы в итальянской панораме Генеральной Дирекции по интернационализации Исследований (Министерство Образования) и связанных с ней Мнинстерств. В данном контексте Европейская Комиссия подчеркивает необходимость разделения общей стратегии на европейском уровне, объединяя цели, исполнителей, стратегии, действия и инструменты для воплощения политики в Программе под названием “Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation”.Данный обзор подчеркивает необходимость совместной работы по наиболее важным общим направлениям исследований, инноваций и интернационализации для достижения конкретных результатов, направленных на всеобщее благо. This paper focuses on the importance given to strategies for internationalization and research, two topics currently at the centre of European debate.What is made evident is the concept of investment in terms of knowledge, and human as well as economic capital – to foster awareness of the fact that the growth of a society is closely linked to the production of knowledge and research. These are factors of primary importance for a society wanting to successfully deal with the challenge represented by the current crisis. Investing in the development of internationalization and research is one way of meeting this challenge.The paper outlines the different steps for carrying out the structural reforms needed to achieve the objectives set by the EU Communication 2020.In the same way, the progressive phases of the Directorate General for the Internationalization of Research (Ministry of Education) and other interested Ministries are also made evident in the Italian context. As part of these measures, the European Commission underlines the need to share a common European policy by integrating objectives, actors, strategies, actions and instruments, so that it can be implemented in the next Framework Programme – “Horizon 2020-The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation”.This review highlights the need to work jointly on important common objectives, regarding research, innovation and internationalization, aimed at achieving tangible results for public welfare.RiassuntoIn questo articolo viene posta in evidenza l’attenzione sull’importanza delle strategie di internazionalizzazione e di ricerca, che, attualmente, sono  al centro del dibattito europeo.Viene rimarcato il concetto dell’investimento in termini di capitale umano e dei saperi, oltre a quello economico, per far emergere la consapevolezza che la crescita di una società è profondamente legata alla produzione dei saperi e della ricerca: fattori di primaria importanza per una società che vuole vincere la sÞ da della crisi puntando sullo sviluppo dell’internazionalizzazione della ricerca.Vengono evidenziate le varie tappe per l’attuazione di riforme strutturali, necessarie per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi previsti dalla Comunicazione EU 2020.In questa direzione, sono riportate in evidenza le fasi progressive nel panorama italiano, della Direzione Generale per l’internazionalizzazione della Ricerca (Ministero dell’Istruzione) e dei Ministeri coinvolti. In questo senso, la Commissione europea sottolinea la necessità di condividere una strategia comune a livello europeo integrando obiettivi, attori, strategie, azioni e strumenti per l’attuazione della politica nel prossimo Programma Quadro, che avrà il nome di “Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation”.Questa rassegna evidenzia la necessità di lavorare insieme su grandi obiettivi comuni di ricerca, innovazione ed internazionalizzazione per il raggiungimento di risultati concreti Þ nalizzati al benessere collettivo.RésuméDans cet article on met l’attention sur l’importance des stratégies d’internationalisation et de recherche, qui, à l’heure actuelle, sont au centre du débat européen.On remarque le concept de l’investissement en termes de capital humain et des connaissances, outre l’investissement économique, pour faire émerger la conscience que la croissance d’une société est profondément liée à la production des connaissances et de la recherche : facteurs d’importance primaire pour une société qui veut gagner le déÞ  de la crise en misant sur le développement de l’internationalisation de la recherche.On met en évidence les différentes étapes pour la réalisation de réformes structurelles, nécessaires pour l’obtention des objectifs prévus par la Communication EU 2020.Dans cette direction, sont reportées les phases progressives dans le  panorama italien, de la Direction Générale pour l’internationalisation de la Recherche (Ministère de l’Instruction) et des Ministères impliqués. Dans ce sens, la Commission européenne souligne la nécessité de partager une stratégie commune au niveau européen intégrant objectifs, acteurs, stratégies, actions et instruments pour la réalisation de la politique dans le prochain Programme Cadre, qui aura le nom de « Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation ».Ce compte rendu met en évidence la nécessité de travailler ensemble sur de grands objectifs communs de recherche, innovation et internationalisation pour l’obtention de résultats concrets Þ nalisés au bien-être collectif.ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird die Bedeutung der Internationalisierungs- und Forschungsstrategien hervorgehoben, die derzeit im Mittelpunkt der europäischen Debatte stehen.Es wird das Konzept der Investition in Human- und Wissenskapital neben der wirtschaftlichen Investition unterstrichen, um das Bewusstsein zu fördern, dass das Wachstum einer Gesellschaft eng mit der Produktion von Wissen und  Forschung verbunden ist; Faktoren von größter Wichtigkeit für eine Gesellschaft, die die Krise überwinden will, indem sie auf die Entwicklung der Internationalisierung und der Forschung setzt.Es werden die verschiedenen Etappen für die Durchführung von strukturellen Reformen aufgezeigt, die für das Erreichen der in der Mitteilung der EU-Kommission 2020 genannten Ziele erforderlich sind.Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt wird im italienischen Panorama die Abfolge der Arbeitsphasen der Generaldirektion für die Internationalisierung der Forschung (Unterrichtsministerium) und der beteiligten Ministerien aufgeführt. In diesem Sinn unterstreicht die Europäische Kommission die Notwendigkeit, eine gemeinsame Strategie auf europäischer Ebene zu entwickeln, die Ziele, Handlungsträger, Strategien, Aktionen und Instrumente für die Durchführung der Politik im nächsten Rahmenprogramm einbezieht, das den Namen “Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation” haben wird.Diese Übersicht unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, bei den großen gemeinsamen Zielen der Forschung, Innovation und Internationalisierung zusammenzuarbeiten, um konkrete Resultate im Hinblick auf das Gemeinwohl zu erzielen.ResumenEn este artículo se destaca la importancia de las estrategias de internacionalización y de investigación, que actualmente son el centro de atención en el debate europeo.Se subraya el concepto de inversión en términos de capital humano y de saberes, además de la económica, para hacer emerger la consciencia de que el crecimiento de una sociedad está profundamente ligado al producto de los saberes y de la investigación: se trata de factores de importancia primaria para una sociedad que quiere superar el desafío de la crisis apoyando el desarrollo de la internacionalización de la investigación.Se muestran las distintas etapas para la implementación de reformas estructurales, necesarias para alcanzar los objetivos previstos en la Comunicación EU 2020. En ese sentido, se muestran las fases progresivas en el panorama italiano, de la Dirección General para la Internacionalización de la Investigación (Ministerio de Educación) y de los Ministerios que participan. En ese contexto, la Comisión Europea subraya la necesidad de compartir una estrategia común a nivel europeo, integrando objetivos, actores, estrategias, acciones e instrumentos para llevar  a efecto la política en el próximo Programa Marco, que tendrá por nombre “Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation”.Esta reseña muestra la necesidad de trabajar juntos en grandes objetivos comunes de investigación, innovación e internacionalización para alcanzar resultados concretos con vistas al bienestar colectivo.РезюмеВ данной статье уделяется внимание стратегиям интернационализации и исследованиям, которые в настоящий момент активно обсуждаются на европейском уровне. Рассматривается концепция инвестиций в людей и знания, помимо экономических инвестиций, с целью приобретения сознания, что развитие общества тесно связано с производством знаний и исследованиями - факторыпервейшего значения для общества, которое хочет выйти из кризиса, опираясь на развитие интернационализации исследований. Выделяются различные этапы для осуществления структурных реформ, необходимых для достижения целей, предусмотренных Сообщением ЕС 2020.В этом направлении рассматриваются прогрессивные фазы в итальянской панораме Генеральной Дирекции по интернационализации Исследований (Министерство Образования) и связанных с ней Мнинстерств. В данном контексте Европейская Комиссия подчеркивает необходимость разделения общей стратегии на европейском уровне, объединяя цели, исполнителей, стратегии, действия и инструменты для воплощения политики в Программе под названием “Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation”.Данный обзор подчеркивает необходимость совместной работы по наиболее важным общим направлениям исследований, инноваций и интернационализации для достижения конкретных результатов, направленных на всеобщее благо

FIRST CASE OF LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL SPLENECTOMY IN A CHILD WITH HAMARTOMA: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION To date, laparoscopic surgery has played a key role in the treatment of not only splenic hematologic pathologies but also solid ones. Hamartoma is a rare disease; only twenty percent of them are of pediatric relevance; it is a benign tumor, but radiological features never allow proper differentiation from malignant neoplasms. In children, hamartoma may be associated with other morbid conditions, such as sickle cell disease or other hematological alterations. PRESENTATION OF THE CASE We report a case of hamartoma in a 7-year-old child treated with partial laparoscopic splenectomy After a multidisciplinary evaluation, the indication of laparoscopic splenectomy was decided; upon evaluating the age of the patient and the affected spleen portion, a partial splenectomy was proposed. The histological examination during surgery was performed to exclude any form of malignancy. The intraoperative frozen section of the specimen was negative for malignancies, and a partial splenectomy was performed. DISCUSSION Surgery remains the first choice in the definitive treatment of solid lesions of the spleen; minimally invasive technique, namely, laparoscopy, has set itself as the technique of choice for surgical treatment. In this case, the possibility of obtaining an intraoperative pathological diagnosis by frozen section of the specimen, confirming the benign nature of the lesion, allowed the surgeon to decide in favor of a laparoscopic partial splenectomy. CONCLUSION Partial laparoscopic splenectomy can be considered a safe, effective and reproducible alternative in patients suffering from benign solid diseases, safeguarding the hematological functions of the organ itself in pediatric age

Individual and Collaborative Film Studies in Italy: Legal Constraints and the Gender Balance

In this article, we offer a handful of reflections about collaborative scholarship in Italy, referring in particular to the principal public funding scheme for research—the so-called “Progetti di rilevante interesse nazionale” (PRIN), organized and financed by the Ministry for Education, Universities and Research (MIUR). We draw, moreover, on our experience working on “The International Circulation of Italian Cinema,” a project on which we both collaborated as postdoctoral researchers at different times between 2017 and 2020. Drawing from our experience and attempting to speak to some of the themes of this issue, in these reflections we address essentially two macro questions: first, the nature of individual and collaborative research in Italian film and media studies today, and how certain legal frameworks affect this balance; second, the extent to which the gender balance in public-funded projects is representative of the composition of academic positions in our field