GDP Now Matters More Than Force

Most nations today beat their foreign policy drums largely to economic rhythms, but less so the United States. Most nations define their interests largely in economic terms and deal mostly in economic power, but less so the United States. Washington still thinks of its security mainly in traditional military terms and responds to threats mainly with force. The principal challenge for Washington, then, is to recompose its foreign policy with an economic theme, while countering threats in new and creative ways. The goal is to redefine "security" to harmonize with twenty-first-century realities

Lewis through a looking glass : public sector employment, rent-seeking, and economic growth

This paper argues that the labor transfer process outlined by the Lewis model (1954) can give rise to surplus labour - in the sense than the marginal product of labour is less that the wage - in the public part of the modern sector and that this may deprive the modern sector of its dynamism. Moreover, creating sheltered employment tends to be self-perpetuating. It creates and consolidates vested interests that seek to perpetuate the protected jobs. In the inverse of the Lewis model, the extent of surplus labour increases, rather than diminishes, over time.Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation

Changes in sulfhydryl groups of honeybee glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase associated with generation of the intermediate plateau in its saturation kinetics

Honeybee and rabbit muscle GPDH were studied to obtain information at the chemical level regarding anomolous saturation kinetics of the honeybee enzyme. Results demonstrate that the enzyme's sulfhydryl groups are implicated in the process. Measured by DTNB titration, native honeybee GPDH has one less active SH than the native rabbit muscle enzyme and displays changes in overall sulfhydryl reactivity after preincubation with G-3-P or G-3-P plus NAD+. The total DTNB reactive sulfhydryls of rabbit muscle GPDH are not changed by preincubation with NAD+ or G-3-P; honeybee GPDH, under certain conductions of preincubation with these ligands, shows a decrease of two total DTNB reactive SH groups. This difference has been confirmed by an independent experiment in which the two enzymes were carboxymethylated with C-14 bromoacetic acid

Financial policies, growth, and efficiency

Most developing countries intervene extensively in financial markets, setting ceilings on interest rates and spreads and allocating much (often between half and all) of formal credit to"priority"uses. This study reviews interest rate controls and other repressive financial policies on investment and efficiency, and investigates such relationships using a cross section analysis of 34 countries between 1965 and 1985. The report finds a significant positive correlation between growth and interest rates as well as between efficiency and interest rates. However, it finds little relationship between interest rates and investment levelsand no relationship between interest rates and the current account. The evidence found supports the need for liberalizing financial markets or at least supports measures against severe financial repression. That is not to say that abrupt liberalization is desirable or that certain interventions in financial markets may not be beneficial -- at least until measures to improve information, supervision, regulation, and macrostability have become effective.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Macroeconomic Management

Quenching of lamellar ordering in an n-alkane embedded in nanopores

We present an X-ray diffraction study of the normale alkane nonadecane C_{19}H_{40} embedded in nanoporous Vycor glass. The confined molecular crystal accomplishes a close-packed structure by alignment of the rod-like molecules parallel to the pore axis while sacrificing one basic principle known from the bulk state, i.e. the lamellar ordering of the molecules. Despite this disorder, the phase transitions observed in the confined solid mimic the phase behavior of the 3D unconfined crystal, though enriched by the appearance of a true rotator phase known only from longer alkane chains.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Percolation, depinning, and avalanches in capillary condensation of gases in disordered porous solids

We propose a comprehensive theoretical description of hysteresis in capillary condensation of gases in mesoporous disordered materials. Applying mean-field density functional theory to a coarse-grained lattice-gas model, we show that the morphology of the hysteresis loops is influenced by out-of-equilibrium transitions that are different on filling and on draining. In particular, desorption may be associated to a depinning process and be percolation-like without explicit pore-blocking effects.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure