Editorial Notes

This book includes the text parts of design proposal presentations as well as academic pa- pers of the International MinD Conference held in Dresden, Germany, in September 2019. Academic papers are marked with the Bachelor’s hat icon ( ) and design proposals are marked with a pen ( ). The content of the special workshops held at the conference is not included in this volume. The proceedings reflect a broad engagement with the field from a diverse range of re- searchers and practitioners from the various design and health disciplines, including prod- uct and interior design, craft, information and communication technologies, architecture and the built environment, psychiatry, psychology, geriatrics and others. Together, the contributions offer an overview of how design – as a process and an outcome – can help to support people to live well with dementia as well as their relatives, carers and care professionals. We hope that these contributions also provide a better insight into how design and designers can be used and developed to do so. By offering these insights and enhanced understanding, we hope to provide a better basis for collaborations between people living with dementia or designing for and concerned with dementia care to contrib- ute to improving life for those living with dementia [... from the Editorial Notes

Overview and Strategy Analysis of Technology-Based Nonpharmacological Interventions for In-Hospital Delirium Prevention and Reduction:Systematic Scoping Review

BACKGROUND: Delirium prevention is crucial, especially in critically ill patients. Nonpharmacological multicomponent interventions for preventing delirium are increasingly recommended and technology-based interventions have been developed to support them. Despite the increasing number and diversity in technology-based interventions, there has been no systematic effort to create an overview of these interventions for in-hospital delirium prevention and reduction. OBJECTIVE: This systematic scoping review was carried out to answer the following questions: (1) what are the technologies currently used in nonpharmacological technology-based interventions for preventing and reducing delirium? and (2) what are the strategies underlying these currently used technologies? METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in Scopus and Embase between 2015 and 2020. A selection was made in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies were eligible if they contained any type of technology-based interventions and assessed delirium-/risk factor–related outcome measures in a hospital setting. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using a predesigned data form. RESULTS: A total of 31 studies were included and analyzed focusing on the types of technology and the strategies used in the interventions. Our review revealed 8 different technology types and 14 strategies that were categorized into the following 7 pathways: (1) restore circadian rhythm, (2) activate the body, (3) activate the mind, (4) induce relaxation, (5) provide a sense of security, (6) provide a sense of control, and (7) provide a sense of being connected. For all technology types, significant positive effects were found on either or both direct and indirect delirium outcomes. Several similarities were found across effective interventions: using a multicomponent approach or including components comforting the psychological needs of patients (eg, familiarity, distraction, soothing elements). CONCLUSIONS: Technology-based interventions have a high potential when multidimensional needs of patients (eg, physical, cognitive, emotional) are incorporated. The 7 pathways pinpoint starting points for building more effective technology-based interventions. Opportunities were discussed for transforming the intensive care unit into a healing environment as a powerful tool to prevent delirium. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020175874; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=17587

Editorial Notes

This book includes the text parts of design proposal presentations as well as academic pa- pers of the International MinD Conference held in Dresden, Germany, in September 2019. Academic papers are marked with the Bachelor’s hat icon ( ) and design proposals are marked with a pen ( ). The content of the special workshops held at the conference is not included in this volume. The proceedings reflect a broad engagement with the field from a diverse range of re- searchers and practitioners from the various design and health disciplines, including prod- uct and interior design, craft, information and communication technologies, architecture and the built environment, psychiatry, psychology, geriatrics and others. Together, the contributions offer an overview of how design – as a process and an outcome – can help to support people to live well with dementia as well as their relatives, carers and care professionals. We hope that these contributions also provide a better insight into how design and designers can be used and developed to do so. By offering these insights and enhanced understanding, we hope to provide a better basis for collaborations between people living with dementia or designing for and concerned with dementia care to contrib- ute to improving life for those living with dementia [... from the Editorial Notes

Editorial Notes

This book includes the text parts of design proposal presentations as well as academic pa- pers of the International MinD Conference held in Dresden, Germany, in September 2019. Academic papers are marked with the Bachelor’s hat icon ( ) and design proposals are marked with a pen ( ). The content of the special workshops held at the conference is not included in this volume. The proceedings reflect a broad engagement with the field from a diverse range of re- searchers and practitioners from the various design and health disciplines, including prod- uct and interior design, craft, information and communication technologies, architecture and the built environment, psychiatry, psychology, geriatrics and others. Together, the contributions offer an overview of how design – as a process and an outcome – can help to support people to live well with dementia as well as their relatives, carers and care professionals. We hope that these contributions also provide a better insight into how design and designers can be used and developed to do so. By offering these insights and enhanced understanding, we hope to provide a better basis for collaborations between people living with dementia or designing for and concerned with dementia care to contrib- ute to improving life for those living with dementia [... from the Editorial Notes

The Concept and Components of Engagement in Different Domains Applied to eHealth: A Systematic Scoping Review

Within the context of eHealth interventions, a shared understanding of what constitutes engagement in and with eHealth technologies is missing. A clearer understanding of engagement could provide a valuable starting point for guidelines relating to the design and development of eHealth technologies. Given the cross-disciplinary use of the term “engagement,” investigating how engagement (and its components) is conceptualized in different domains could lead to determining common components that are deemed important for eHealth technological design. As such, the aim of this paper was 3-fold: (a) to investigate in which domains engagement features, (b) to determine what constitutes engagement in these different domains, and (c) to determine whether there are any common components that seem to be important. A comprehensive systematic scoping review of the existing literature was conducted in order to identify the domains in which engagement is used, to extract the associated definitions of engagement, and to identify the dimensionality or components thereof. A search of five bibliographic databases yielded 1,231 unique records. All titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. This led to 69 articles being included for further analyses. The results showed that engagement is used in seven functional domains, categorized as follows: student (n = 18), customer (n = 12), health (n = 11), society (n = 10), work (n = 9), digital (n = 8), and transdisciplinary (n = 1) domains. It seems that some domains are more mature regarding their conceptualization and theorizing on engagement than others. Further, engagement was found to be predominantly conceptualized as a multidimensional construct with three common components (behavior, cognition, and affective) shared between domains. Although engagement is prolifically used in different disciplines, it is evident that little shared consensus as to its conceptualization within and between domains exists. Despite this, engagement is foremost seen as a state of being engaged in/with something, which is part of, but should not be confused with, the process of engagement. Behavior, cognition, and affect are important components of engagement and should be specified for each new context