WATERFLOODING PERFORMANCE IN OIL RESERVOIR

The objectives of the final year project are to study and investigate the forces in the reservoir model and how these forces can be used to design the water flooding performance toward oil recovery enhanced. And to evaluate how the water injection rate can affect the oil recovery for reservoir. It is a beneficial to the gas and oil industries of company to have and test the potential for the techniques of oil recovery, and low cost which are cheap and easy to control like water flooding. The problem in water flooding is that, oil companies still looking for researches on force which available in the reservoir and how it can be designed the water flooding that can lead to be a good oil recovery at lower cost. Precisely, approximately maintenance and design the requires of water flooding to understand the oil viscous can be displaced by the water, and how can optimized the oil recovery

The role of the creative designer in designing the book arts

The book is the base of both science and culture, and a preserver of science and history throughout the ages. Despite the periods of stumbling and persecution that happened to it, it remained the preserver and protector of science and culture. The book went through many stages of development that accompanied the developments of successive civilizations, and the accompanying arts developed greatly to be parallel with its importance and role in the advancement of mankind and the building of civilizations. These arts have effectively contributed to supporting it, beautifying it and clarifying their texts, which led to its dissemination and marketing, despite the alternatives provided by modern technology such as e-books, read or audio, which some thought they make the book become obsolete - even for those who do not have the skill of reading -, or to put it in the second place, but these alternatives can only play the role of support and assistant for the paper book, which will remain the main pillar for the dissemination and preservation of science, culture and history, for what it enjoys from the characteristic of immortality and the ability to survive and reach all classes of society that do not possess modern technology and have no access to the Internet, and this research sheds light on the importance of book' arts - especially the design of books for the greatness of its role in promoting the book industry and contributing to its dissemination and its survival as the most important vessel for preserving and spreading science, culture and values. For the creative designer who works with the foundations and principles of art and design, and who follows the sound methods of thinking in a balanced scientific manner, and this has a positive impact in producing the book in a sophisticated and valuable manner, which is one of the most important reasons for upgrading the culture of society and developing its artistic and plastic taste, with which we guarantee the progress and advancement of society. Reaching the spiritual and psychological peace of society, no one denies the great ability of high-end arts to elevate public taste, transcend morals and consolidate solid values, customs and traditions among peoples. An advanced class that precedes and leads the world in the future as we were in the pas

Part 1: Simple Definition and Calculation of Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity

Emergency physicians, like other specialists, are faced with different patients and various situations each day. They have to use ancillary diagnostic tools like laboratory tests and imaging studies to be able to manage them. In most cases, numerous tests are available. Tests with the least error and the most accuracy are more desirable. The power of a test to separate patients from healthy ones determines its accuracy and diagnostic value. Therefore, a test with 100% accuracy should be the first choice. This does not happen in reality as the accuracy of a test varies for different diseases and in different situations. For example, the value of D-dimer for diagnosing pulmonary embolism varies based on pre-test probability. It shows high accuracy in low risk patient and low accuracy in high risk ones. The characteristics of a test that reflects the aforementioned abilities are accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios. In this educational review, we will simply define and calculate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of a hypothetical test

Spectrophotometric determination of thrombin in pure samples and biological fluids using π-acceptors

Thrombin is the central enzyme of coagulation. It is engaged in opposing functions in blood. As a procoagulant factor, it converts fibrinogen into an insoluble fibrin clotand activate platelet, as anticoagulant when it activates Protein C. This knowledge is used for the pharmacologic control of blood coagulation, so monitoring its activity is reliable indicator of the rate and extent of coagulation. A simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method is suggested for the determination of thrombin in pure form and in biological fluids. The utility of someπ-acceptors as 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone(DDQ), 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) for thrombin (as electron donor)determination is described. These π-acceptors give highly coloured complex species that have been spectrophotometrically studied. The optimum experimental conditions for these CT reactions have been studied carefully. Beer’slaw is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 10-130,50-150 and 10-100 μg ml-1 thromb in using DDQ, TCNQ and TCNE reagents, respectively. The percentage recovery amounts to 99.33-100.1% (SD = 0.032-0.075), 99.50-102.5% (SD = 0.016-0.076) and 99.5-101.4% (SD = 0.034-0.088) for four to six experiments. The reagents are utilized for the determination of thrombin in poor platelet plasma of dialysis patients with a percentage recovery amount to 98.76-103.3% (for n = 5). No endogenous compounds were found to interfere. The results obtained applying theπ-acceptors reagents are comparable with those obtained by the official method

Contemplation Impact of Pulp Seeds Cucurbita Pepo L. and its Paste on Oxidative Stress in Rats

Cucurbita Pepo L. seeds and seeds paste which are rich sources of phytochemicals and act as a rich source of antioxidants. The most important phytochemicals present in the cucurbits are cucurbitacin’s, saponins, carotenoids, phytosterols, and polyphenols. These bioactive phyto-constituents are responsible for the pharmacological effects including antioxidant effect. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Cucurbita Pepo L. seeds and seeds paste on rats suffering from oxidative stress. Thirty-six male albino rats were used in the experiment (Sprague-Dawley strain). The animals randomly divided 6 rats each group according to the following the first Group: Rats were fed basal diet and set as negative control. The other rats (n = 30) were fed on basal diet containing monosodium glutamate (120 mg/kg) for induce stress condition. After that, rats further divided into 5 groups (n = 6) each for six weeks as follows: -2nd Group: Rats were fed on basal diet containing monosodium glutamate and set as positive control. 3rd Group: Rats were fed on diet containing monosodium glutamate with addition of Cucurbita Pepo L. seeds 5%. 4th Group: Rats were fed on diet containing monosodium glutamate with addition of Cucurbita Pepo L. seeds 10%. 5th Group: Rats were fed on diet containing monosodium glutamate with addition of Cucurbita Pepo L. seeds paste 5%. 6th Group: Rats were fed on diet containing monosodium glutamate with addition of Cucurbita Pepo L. seeds paste 10%. The experimental period was six weeks; Blood samples were collected. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that using seeds 5% & 10% and seeds paste 5% & 10% in feeding the stressed rats increased (BWG%, FI, FER, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) with highest results in group fed on 10% seeds paste and decreased (Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST, IL-6 and INF-gamma) with lowest results in group fed on 10% Cucurbita Pepo L. seeds paste

Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal characterization of quinoxaline metal complexes

The coordination behaviour of the quinoxaline ligand with N and O donation sites, derived from 3-(2-oxo-2-p-tolylethyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (HL), towards some transition metal ions namely Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) are reported. The metal complexes are characterized based on elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, solid reflectance, magnetic moment, molar conductance and thermal analyses (TG, DTG and DTA). The ionization constants of the quinoxaline ligand as well as the stability constants of its metal chelates are calculated spectrophotometrically at 25 oC and ionic strength = 0.1 M (1M NaCl). The chelates are found to have octahedral structure. The ligand and its chelates are subjected to thermal analyses and the different activation thermodynamic parameters are calculated from their corresponding DTG curves to throw more light on the nature of changes accompanying the thermal decomposition process of these compounds. The biological activity of the synthesized ligand and its metal complexes also are screened against the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk) (Orthoptera-Acrididae) and its adult longevities. They showed remarkable biological activity

Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal characterization of Fe(III)-mixed ligand complexes and spectrophotometric determination of Fe(III) in various samples

The aim of the present study is to find a non time consuming, economical and reliable spectrophotometric procedures using commercially available spectrophotometric reagents for the determination of Fe(III) ions. The methods are based on the formation of colored ternary complexes using, 1,10-phenanthroline and eriochrome black T or tartrazine mixed reagents and improved using a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. This surfactant interacts with the complex to build up true ternary complex. The most suitable conditions for determination of Fe(III) ions and the parameters affecting the reactions including pH, time, temperature, stoichiometric ratios and reagents concentrations are optimized. The effect of different interfering ions is studied together with the suitable masking agents. The developed methods are used for the determination of Fe(III) ions in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide in different types of water (polluted industrial waste, ground, river Nile and drinking water). The synthesis and spectroscopy studies of two Fe complexes were reported. Thermal analysis was carried out in order to give an idea about the thermal stability of the complexes

Short-term treatment with tolfenamic acid improves cognitive functions in Alzheimer\u27s disease mice

Tolfenamic acid lowers the levels of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) when administered to C57BL/6 mice by lowering their transcriptional regulator specificity protein 1 (SP1). To determine whether changes upstream in the amyloidogenic pathway that forms Aβ plaques would improve cognitive outcomes, we administered tolfenamic acid for 34 days to hemizygous R1.40 transgenic mice. After the characterization of cognitive deficits in these mice, assessment of spatial learning and memory functions revealed that treatment with tolfenamic acid attenuated long-term memory and working memory deficits, determined using Morris water maze and the Y-maze. These improvements occurred within a shorter period of exposure than that seen with clinically approved drugs. Cognitive enhancement was accompanied by reduction in the levels of the SP1 protein (but not messenger RNA [mRNA]), followed by lowering both the mRNA and the protein levels of APP and subsequent Aβ levels. These findings provide evidence that tolfenamic acid can disrupt the pathologic processes associated with Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) and are relevant to its scheduled biomarker study in AD patients

Acute-phase proteins: As a diagnostic tool in pneumonic dromedary Camel

Determining the health of animals is important. So, acute-phase proteins consider as important markers of animal health. The acute-phase response is characterized by increased circulating levels of acute-phase proteins released by the liver. In addition, pneumonia is an emerging problem in dromedary camels, with no data available on the diagnostic significance of the markers of acute phase proteins in pneumonic camels. In this report, 44 pneumonic camels were diagnosed by histopathologic analysis of lung tissue from a total of 65 camels. Additionally, five healthy camels were used as control groups. Interstitial pneumonia and fibrinous bronchopneumonia were revealed by histopathology. Blood samples were collected from both groups for determination of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen. The result revealed highly significant elevations in haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen (1.00±0.06 g/l, 13.49±0.16mg/l, and 5.47±0.47g/l respectively) in case of interstitial pneumonia, and also the result revealed highly significant elevations in haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen (1.04±0.05g/l, 13.64±0.21mg/l, and5.25±0.33g/l respectively) in case of fibrinous bronchopneumonia than in controls. This study concluded that haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen serve as diagnostic parameters for pneumonia in camels