Learning based automatic face annotation for arbitrary poses and expressions from frontal images only

Statistical approaches for building non-rigid deformable models, such as the active appearance model (AAM), have enjoyed great popularity in recent years, but typically require tedious manual annotation of training images. In this paper, a learning based approach for the automatic annotation of visually deformable objects from a single annotated frontal image is presented and demonstrated on the example of automatically annotating face images that can be used for building AAMs for fitting and tracking. This approach employs the idea of initially learning the correspondences between landmarks in a frontal image and a set of training images with a face in arbitrary poses. Using this learner, virtual images of unseen faces at any arbitrary pose for which the learner was trained can be reconstructed by predicting the new landmark locations and warping the texture from the frontal image. View-based AAMs are then built from the virtual images and used for automatically annotating unseen images, including images of different facial expressions, at any random pose within the maximum range spanned by the virtually reconstructed images. The approach is experimentally validated by automatically annotating face images from three different databases

MEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS: A General Approach on Balance Equation and Maximum Likelihood Estimation Basis

A general theoretical background for Measurement Data Analysis, including consistency check, state estimation (called also Balancing or Measurement Error Reconciliation) and Gross Error (GE) Identification is set up on the basis of a set of balance equations or other linear constraints. GE Situations are defined and the use of Maximum Likelihood principle is proposed to estimate both the actual GE situation and the state variables. The essential difference between the use of linear dynamic models and balance equations is shown

An assessment and validation study of nuclear reactors for low power space applications

The feasibility and safety of six conceptual small, low power nuclear reactor designs was evaluated. Feasibility evaluations included the determination of sufficient reactivity margins for seven years of full power operation and safe shutdown as well as handling during pre-launch assembly phases. Safety evaluations were concerned with the potential for maintaining subcritical conditions in the event of launch or transportation accidents. These included water immersion accident scenarios both with and without water flooding the core. Results show that most of the concepts can potentially meet the feasibility and safety requirements; however, due to the preliminary nature of the designs considered, more detailed designs will be necessary to enable these concepts to fully meet the safety requirements

Further Observations on Epithelialization of Small Wounds

Linear incisions were made on the back skin of rabbits and 3H-thymidine was injected intravenously during various stages of epithelialization of the wounds. Biopsy specimens were taken 30 minutes and one to three days after injection of the tracer. In the migrating epithelium, the nuclei of basally located cells were labeled thirty minutes after the introduction of 3H-thymidine. The cells located at higher levels did not incorporate the tracer. One or two days later, labeled nuclei also appeared in the upper layers. After wound closure, nuclei were labeled in the basal layer of the epithelium 30 minutes after the introduction of 3H-thymidine. One day later, labeled nuclei appeared in both basal and suprabasal layers, and after three days the nuclei of parakeratotic surface cells were also labeled. These observations indicate that the cells which emigrate from the epidermis divide and differentiate while they move over the wound surface. Thus, mitosis and differentiation are not incompatible with migration as it has been postulated by previous workers. It is concluded that both mitotic and differentiating cells participate in formation of a protective cover over skin wounds