Assessment of Honey Bee Flora in Eastern Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia

This study was conducted to evaluate the existing bee flora and develop floral calendar in Eastern Zone of Tigray. Data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaire as well as direct observation. The total number of household head respondents was 160. Accordingly, different plant species and habit of growth (herb, shrub and tree) were identified as major bee flora. High availability of honeybee shrubs and herb plants was found from September to November while the most important trees flowered in March and May in all the districts. The high scarcity of bee forage was observed in June. Therefore, it is to be noticed that, in order to increase the honey bee yield and quality, scaling up of the coverage and management honeybee floras and considering floral calendar is critically important to the study area. Keywords: floral calendar, bee flora, honey productio

Eset - wielofunkcyjna roślina Etiopii i terminologia związana z nią

The aim of this article is to present the Ethiopian plant ? Eset. Due to its many functions there is a vast terminology related to its cultivation, processing and application in everyday life. The first part, after the introduction explains how Eset is farmed and what are the names of parts of this plant and stages of its development. Next part shows how Eset serves as food in Ethiopia and what are the names of dishes based on Eset in Amharic language. Eset can also be used to produce some commodities ? strings, mattresses, mats and bowls. All vocabulary collected in this research is a result of author?s homeland education and personal communication with numerous informants who grow Eset. The important trait of Eset is an intergenerational tradition of its cultivation. The aim of this article is to present the Ethiopian plant ? Eset. Due to its many functions there is a vast terminology related to its cultivation, processing and application in everyday life. The first part, after the introduction explains how Eset is farmed and what are the names of parts of this plant and stages of its development. Next part shows how Eset serves as food in Ethiopia and what are the names of dishes based on Eset in Amharic language. Eset can also be used to produce some commodities ? strings, mattresses, mats and bowls. All vocabulary collected in this research is a result of author?s homeland education and personal communication with numerous informants who grow Eset. The important trait of Eset is an intergenerational tradition of its cultivation.

Book Review - Communication Skills in Pharmacy Practice: A Practical Guide for Students and Practitioners

Communication Skills in Pharmacy Practice: A Practical Guide for Students and Practitioners (5th Edition) By Wiliam N Tindall, Robert S Beardsly and Carole L Kimberlin 2011, 242 pages, Lippincott Williams & Wilkin

Identifying defect causes of weft greige knitted fabric: the Case of MAA-Garment & Textiles Factory

This research aims to address the above quality problem of knitting section by identifying the 80% causes of quality defects and proposing the possible solution for the critical ones. In dealing with the quality problem, direct observation, interview, check sheet & reports were used to collect data and these data were also analyzed using Pareto technique, and focus group discussion. After the data is analyzed, the four critical fabric defects (Needle line, Hole, Yarn variation and Lycra jump) are achieved and these fabric defects need to be corrected to minimize the rejection rate by 80%. The output of the research indicated that the existing 7.87% rejection rate can be reduced to 1.574% which resulted in the net difference of 6.296. This implies that the net monthly reduction in fabric rejection rate is about 5533.6 kilogram which really affects the total production in the section. This research has found results with a set of recommendation, remedies and standard operation procedure (SOP) that are proposed to be performed by the company

The influence of natural environment on shaping the original culture of Ethiopia

The surrounding in a natural environment – the lay of the land, climate, soil and even plants or animals living at certain area, all that may deeply influence our behavior, though we rarely realize that. It happens that behavior of local communities is determined so much that despite living in neighboring areas they differ a lot. Obviously people living at the seaside differ in behavior and culture, and even diet, from those living in the mountains or on the desert. This fascinating phenomena of nature influences culture, history, religion, agriculture and many more domains of human life I would like to present using a remarkable example of Ethiopia. This country is not very well known. Tourism is here insignificant due to the political and economical situation. Ethiopia is usually associated with the emperor Hajle Sellasje I and great long-distance runners and famine. These stereotypes became established through the few publications on Ethiopia that have appeared in Poland. That’s why as an Ethiopian whose second motherland is Poland I would like to describe the country of my original to Polish readers.The surrounding in a natural environment – the lay of the land, climate, soil and even plants or animals living at certain area, all that may deeply influence our behavior, though we rarely realize that. It happens that behavior of local communities is determined so much that despite living in neighboring areas they differ a lot. Obviously people living at the seaside differ in behavior and culture, and even diet, from those living in the mountains or on the desert. This fascinating phenomena of nature influences culture, history, religion, agriculture and many more domains of human life I would like to present using a remarkable example of Ethiopia. This country is not very well known. Tourism is here insignificant due to the political and economical situation. Ethiopia is usually associated with the emperor Hajle Sellasje I and great long-distance runners and famine. These stereotypes became established through the few publications on Ethiopia that have appeared in Poland. That’s why as an Ethiopian whose second motherland is Poland I would like to describe the country of my original to Polish readers

Effect of Planting Patterns in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Intercropping on Growth, Yield and Yield Traits of the Crops in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Wolaita Zone, where large number of population density per unit area found in Ethiopia, is one of the highly populated areas of the country. The need for reasonable cropping system under intensive cropping has become major areas of agronomic research in such an area. The study was, therefore, conducted to compare the effects of different planting pattern in tomato/maize intercropping and compatible time of intercropping on the growth, yield and yield traits of the component crops. Factorial combinations of three component populations of tomato (T) and maize (M) (100T:50M, 67T:33M and 50T:50M) and five dates of maize intercropping (30 days before tomato transplanting, 15 days before tomato transplanting, at tomato transplanting, 15 days after tomato transplanting and 30 days after tomato transplanting) together with their respective sole crops were laid out as Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. As a result, tomato in the component population of 100T:50M flowered and matured earlier while maize in 50T:50M and 100T:50M combinations were fast to reach its phenological stages. Only number of branch per plant was significantly affected by component population out of tomato growth parameters. Longitudinal fruit size was the single yield component which significantly affected by dates of maize intercropping. All growth parameters of intercropped maize were significantly affected due to the main effects. Tomato yields were highly significantly affected by component populations in that yields were higher in the 100T:50M combinations; whereas in the case of maize, both main effects significantly influenced its yield components. Yield components of sole maize were significantly higher than intercropped ones. Hence, sole tomato production would be beneficial in the study area. But where farmers fear risk of sole crop due to disease or market conditions, the 100% tomato population with 50% maize by intercropping maize 15 days after transplanting of tomato is a promising treatment in order to minimize risks. Keywords: Component crops, intercropping, maize, planting patterns, tomat

MEC-based Mobility Tracking and Safety Service through IoT

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

Geneza konfliktu etiopsko-erytrejskiego

The source of Ethio-Eritrean conflict was Italian colonization of Eritrea officially in 1890. Eritrea was an integral part of Ethiopia and it was very attractive for foreign intervention because of being situated on the coast of the Red Sea. It was treated as a military base to attack and occupy whole Ethiopia. In 1896 and in 1935-1936, Eritreans were forced to fratricidal fights. After Italian defeat during WWII in 1941 Eritrea fell under British administration and different parties were formed at the time. On the basis of the United Nations’ resolution in 1952, the Ethiopian-Eritrean Federation came into being which meant discrimination and emigration for many Eritreans. Lastly in 1962, Eritrea became a province of Ethiopia which led to a bloody war lasting 30 years. During the war separation feeling became very strong among Eritreans and their hate to Ethiopians increased because of their persecution by the Ethiopian government. In 1991 Eritrea won the war and in 1993 became a state. Then, a conflict between two former friends that means the leader of Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the later Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Melese Zenawi and the President of Eritrea Issayas Afewerki brought a new bloody war in 1998