Minimal Noise-Induced Stabilization of One-Dimensional Diffusions

The phenomenon of noise-induced stabilization occurs when an unstable deterministic system of ordinary differential equations is stabilized by the addition of randomness into the system. In this paper, we investigate under what conditions one-dimensional, autonomous stochastic differential equations are stable, where we take the notion of stability to be that of global stochastic boundedness. Specifically, we find the minimum amount of noise necessary for noise-induced stabilization to occur when the drift and noise coefficients are power, polynomial, exponential, or logarithmic functions

Minimal Noise-Induced Stabilization of One-Dimensional Diffusions

The phenomenon of noise-induced stabilization occurs when an unstable deterministic system of ordinary differential equations is stabilized by the addition of randomness into the system. In this paper, we investigate under what conditions one-dimensional, autonomous stochastic differential equations are stable, where we take the notion of stability to be that of global stochastic boundedness. Specifically, we find the minimum amount of noise necessary for noise-induced stabilization to occur when the drift and noise coefficients are power, polynomial, exponential, or logarithmic functions

Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine on Growth Performance and Economic Return of 200 to 300 lb Grow-Finish Pigs

A total of 2,099 barrows and gilts (PIC 1050 × DNA 600; initially 198.6 ± 3.72 lb) were used in a 57-d study to determine the optimal dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys level for approximately 200 to 300 lb pigs in a commercial setting. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 24 to 27 pigs per pen and 20 replications per treatment. A similar number of barrows and gilts were placed in each pen. Diets were fed over 2 phases (199 to 233 and 233 to 299 lb respectively). Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based. Diets were formulated to 85, 93, 100, or 110% of the 2016 PIC (Hendersonville, TN) SID Lys gilt recommendations with phase 1 SID Lys levels of 0.65, 0.71, 0.77, 0.84%, and phase 2 levels of 0.60, 0.66, 0.71, 0.78%, respectively. Overall (d 0 to 57), increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P \u3c 0.05) overall market weight, F/G, hot carcass weight, Lys intake/d, and Lys intake/kg of gain with an increase in ADG (quadratic, P = 0.020). For economics (d 0 to 57), feed cost per lb of gain increased (linear, P \u3c 0.05) with increased SID Lys. Revenue per pig placed and income over feed cost (IOFC) increased (quadratic, P \u3c 0.10) as the amount of SID Lys increased, and marginally significant evidence of a quadratic response for feed cost per pig placed (P = 0.073). Projecting IOFC for phase 1, the quadratic polynomial (QP) and broken-line linear models estimated the requirement at 110.9% and 96.9%, respectively, to achieve maximum IOFC. For phase 2, the QP estimated the requirement at 96.6% SID Lys to maximize IOFC. In summary, the SID Lys requirement was 97% to 111% of the 2016 PIC recommended Lys requirement for phase 1 and 97% for phase 2 to maximize IOFC

Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine on Growth Performance and Economic Return of 108 to 178 lb Grow-Finish Pigs

A total of 2,124 barrows and gilts (PIC 1050 × DNA 600; initially 107.9 ± 1.31 lb) were used in a 32-d study to determine the optimal level of dietary standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys for 108 to 178 lb pigs in a commercial setting. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 24 to 27 pigs per pen and 16 replications pen treatment. A similar number of barrows and gilts were placed in each pen. Diets were fed over 3 phases (108 to 129, 129 to 156, and 156 to 178 lb, respectively). Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and contained 10% (phase 1 and 2) or 5% (phase 3) DDGS. Diets were formulated to 85, 95, 103, 110, or 120% of the 2016 PIC SID Lys gilt recommendations as follows: phase 1 SID Lys levels of 0.90, 1.01, 1.09, 1.17 and 1.27%; phase 2 levels of 0.79, 0.87, 0.94, 1.03, and 1.10%; and phase 3 levels of 0.71, 0.78, 0.85, 0.92, and 0.99%, respectively. Overall (d 0 to 32), increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P \u3c 0.001) ADG, final body weight, Lys intake/d, and Lys intake/kg of gain with an improvement in F/G (quadratic, P = 0.047). Additionally, feed cost per pig, feed cost per lb of gain, total revenue per pig, and income over feed cost (IOFC) increased (linear, P ≤ 0.002) as SID Lys increased. Projecting IOFC, broken line linear and quadratic polynomial models estimated the maximum IOFC at 105.8% and 113.7% SID Lys, respectively. In summary, while growth performance increased linearly up to 120% of the 2016 PIC recommended Lys requirement, the optimal IOFC was 106% to 114%

The Hobby–Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) Survey Design, Reductions, and Detections

We describe the survey design, calibration, commissioning, and emission-line detection algorithms for the Hobby–Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX). The goal of HETDEX is to measure the redshifts of over a million Lyα emitting galaxies between 1.88 < z < 3.52, in a 540 deg2 area encompassing a comoving volume of 10.9 Gpc3. No preselection of targets is involved; instead the HETDEX measurements are accomplished via a spectroscopic survey using a suite of wide-field integral field units distributed over the focal plane of the telescope. This survey measures the Hubble expansion parameter and angular diameter distance, with a final expected accuracy of better than 1%. We detail the project’s observational strategy, reduction pipeline, source detection, and catalog generation, and present initial results for science verification in the Cosmological Evolution Survey, Extended Groth Strip, and Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey North fields. We demonstrate that our data reach the required specifications in throughput, astrometric accuracy, flux limit, and object detection, with the end products being a catalog of emission-line sources, their object classifications, and flux-calibrated spectra

Colonization of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut with human enteric bacterial pathogens leads to proteostasis disruption that is rescued by butyrate.

Protein conformational diseases are characterized by misfolding and toxic aggregation of metastable proteins, often culminating in neurodegeneration. Enteric bacteria influence the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the complexity of the human microbiome hinders our understanding of how individual microbes influence these diseases. Disruption of host protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, affects the onset and progression of these diseases. To investigate the effect of bacteria on host proteostasis, we used Caenorhabditis elegans expressing tissue-specific polyglutamine reporters that detect changes in the protein folding environment. We found that colonization of the C. elegans gut with enteric bacterial pathogens disrupted proteostasis in the intestine, muscle, neurons, and the gonad, while the presence of bacteria that conditionally synthesize butyrate, a molecule previously shown to be beneficial in neurodegenerative disease models, suppressed aggregation and the associated proteotoxicity. Co-colonization with this butyrogenic strain suppressed bacteria-induced protein aggregation, emphasizing the importance of microbial interaction and its impact on host proteostasis. Further experiments demonstrated that the beneficial effect of butyrate depended on the bacteria that colonized the gut and that this protective effect required SKN-1/Nrf2 and DAF-16/FOXO transcription factors. We also found that bacteria-derived protein aggregates contribute to the observed disruption of host proteostasis. Together, these results reveal the significance of enteric infection and gut dysbiosis on the pathogenesis of protein conformational diseases and demonstrate the potential of using butyrate-producing microbes as a preventative and treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disease