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Dietary αâLinolenic Acid, Marine Ïâ3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) Study
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of αâlinolenic acid (ALA), a plantâderived Ïâ3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine Ïâ3 fatty acids (longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to allâcause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (â„500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariableâadjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9ây followâup, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56â0.92) for allâcause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58â1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67â1.05) for allâcause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39â0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29â0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22â1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in allâcause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45â0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to allâcause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fishâderived longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639
Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Muscle Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), skeletal muscle dysfunction is a major comorbidity that negatively impacts their exercise capacity and quality of life. In the current guidelines, the most recent literature on the various aspects of COPD muscle dysfunction has been included. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scale has been used to make evidence-based recommendations on the different features. Compared to a control population, one third of COPD patients exhibited a 25% decline in quadriceps muscle strength, even at early stages of their disease. Although both respiratory and limb muscles are altered,the latter are usually more severely affected. Numerous factors and biological mechanisms are involved in the etiology of COPD muscle dysfunction. Several tests are proposed in order to diagnose and evaluate the degree of muscle dysfunction of both respiratory and limb muscles (peripheral), as well as to identify the patientsâ exercise capacity (six-minute walking test and cycloergometry). Currently available therapeutic strategies including the different training modalities and pharmacological and nutritional support are also described
Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Muscle Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), skeletal muscle dysfunction is a major comorbidity that negatively impacts their exercise capacity and quality of life. In the current guidelines, the most recent literature on the various aspects of COPD muscle dysfunction has been included. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scale has been used to make evidence-based recommendations on the different features. Compared to a control population, one third of COPD patients exhibited a 25% decline in quadriceps muscle strength, even at early stages of their disease. Although both respiratory and limb muscles are altered,the latter are usually more severely affected. Numerous factors and biological mechanisms are involved in the etiology of COPD muscle dysfunction. Several tests are proposed in order to diagnose and evaluate the degree of muscle dysfunction of both respiratory and limb muscles (peripheral), as well as to identify the patientsâ exercise capacity (six-minute walking test and cycloergometry). Currently available therapeutic strategies including the different training modalities and pharmacological and nutritional support are also described
Desarrollo y puesta en prĂĄctica de recursos educativos digitales para laboratorios de idiomas
Los laboratorios de idiomas son una herramienta de gran valor en el apoyo a la enseñanza de lenguas. En una Facultad como la de FilologĂa, donde se enseñan mĂĄs de XX lenguas, este tipo de laboratorios se ha convertido en algo imprescindible. Los laboratorios de idiomas facilitan la enseñanza mediante el acceso a recursos educativos punteros. Sin embargo, estos mismos laboratorios exigen un esfuerzo por parte del profesorado, ya que su uso exige una preparaciĂłn especĂfica no siempre rĂĄpidamente asimilable. Por este motivo, desde el vicedecanato de innovaciĂłn y tecnologĂas de Facultad de FilologĂa se ofrece apoyo constante al profesorado por lo que respecta tanto a la formaciĂłn en el uso de los laboratorios como a la resoluciĂłn de problemas especĂficos que surgen durante la utilizaciĂłn de los mismos. La formaciĂłn en el uso de los laboratorios de idiomas se realiza mediante talleres impartidos por el tĂ©cnico de laboratorios de la Facultad. Estos suelen tener lugar unas dos veces al año. Adicionalmente, como ocurriĂł en diciembre de 2014, la empresas Roycan, suministradora del software utilizado en los laboratorios de la Facultad, ofrece talleres mĂĄs exhaustivos.
A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados tanto desde el vicedecanato como, sobre todo, por parte de los profesores, es una evidencia que los laboratorios de idiomas tienen un potencial de explotaciĂłn mayor que el uso que se les da en la actualidad. Aunque son muchos los profesores que los utilizan, otros tantos que desearĂan tambiĂ©n utilizarlos se sienten intimidados por el desafĂo tecnolĂłgico que ello implica. Esto podrĂa solucionarse no sĂłlo mediante un plan formativo en el uso de laboratorios de idiomas de mayor calado que el ahora existente sino tambiĂ©n mediante la creaciĂłn de un banco de recursos educativos reutilizables por los usuarios de los laboratorios de idiomas. Lo primero, el plan formativo, servirĂa para allanar las dificultades tecnolĂłgicas intrĂnsecas al uso de los laboratorios; lo segundo, la creaciĂłn del banco de recursos, servirĂa, entre otras cosas, para que el acceso de nuevos usuarios a los laboratorios resultara mĂĄs fĂĄcil desde un punto de vista pedagĂłgico, ya que la existencia de recursos concebidos especĂficamente para los laboratorios les servirĂa como guĂa inicial, a partir de la cual puedan ellos empezar a crear sus propios materiales, idealmente tambiĂ©n reutilizables por otros.
Este proyecto es continuaciĂłn de una de las lĂneas que nos hemos marcado institucionalmente en la Facultad de FilologĂa con respecto a la innovaciĂłn tecnolĂłgica: la creaciĂłn de material didĂĄctico digital de calidad y su explotaciĂłn en la docencia. En previos PIMCD se abordĂł:
1) la elaboraciĂłn de una recomendaciĂłn de calidad (PIMCD 236-2011/2012; resultados en: http://eprints.ucm.es/12533/) que ha derivado en un proyecto de AENOR.
2) la creación de un repositorio institucional con una pequeña colección de materiales de referencia de buenas pråcticas (PIMCD 268-2010/2011; http://mediaserver.filol.ucm.es).
3) la explotaciĂłn de los materiales de referencia en cursos y mĂłdulos de cursos virtuales (PIMCD 231-2013; http://mediaserver.filol.ucm.es/materiales; y PIMCD 278-2014; resultados disponibles en el canal YouTube educativo de la Facultad de FilologĂa).
Asimismo, la Facultad de FilologĂa ha venido colaborando con la empresa Roycan mediante diversos convenios firmados en los Ășltimos años. Con motivo del presente proyecto se establecerĂĄ otro convenio, actualmente en fase de preparaciĂłn, que formalice y establezca las bases de la presente colaboraciĂłn.Oficina para la Calidad UCMBibliotecaFac. de Ciencias EconĂłmicas y EmpresarialesFALSEsubmitte