Effect of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells

Objective: To investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of normal human gastric mucosal cells and gastric cancer cells

Single-cell transcriptome and antigen-immunoglobin analysis reveals the diversity of B cells in non-small cell lung cancer

Background Malignant transformation and progression of cancer are driven by the co-evolution of cancer cells and their dysregulated tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies on immunotherapy demonstrate the efficacy in reverting the anti-tumoral function of T cells, highlighting the therapeutic potential in targeting certain cell types in TME. However, the functions of other immune cell types remain largely unexplored. Results We conduct a single-cell RNA-seq analysis of cells isolated from tumor tissue samples of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and identify subtypes of tumor-infiltrated B cells and their diverse functions in the progression of NSCLC. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry experiments on two independent cohorts confirm the co-existence of the two major subtypes of B cells, namely the naïve-like and plasma-like B cells. The naïve-like B cells are decreased in advanced NSCLC, and their lower level is associated with poor prognosis. Co-culture of isolated naïve-like B cells from NSCLC patients with two lung cancer cell lines demonstrate that the naïve-like B cells suppress the growth of lung cancer cells by secreting four factors negatively regulating the cell growth. We also demonstrate that the plasma-like B cells inhibit cancer cell growth in the early stage of NSCLC, but promote cell growth in the advanced stage of NSCLC. The roles of the plasma-like B cell produced immunoglobulins, and their interacting proteins in the progression of NSCLC are further validated by proteomics data. Conclusion Our analysis reveals versatile functions of tumor-infiltrating B cells and their potential clinical implications in NSCLC

Friction Loss Calculation and Thermal Analysis of Submerged Low Temperature High Speed Permanent Magnet Motor

Low temperature high-speed motors can achieve low temperature and high viscosity fluid media efficient transmission, meanwhile, excessive friction loss and temperature rise issues are addressed. In this paper, a 30kw low-temperature and high-speed permanent magnet motor prototype is implemented as the research object. Three stator axial cooling structures are proposed to effectively control the motor temperature rise. First, the discussion focuses on the friction loss in the air gap and its related influencing factors; at the same time, the effect of different axial cooling structures on the friction loss in the air gap is also considered. Secondly, a calculation method of axial viscous friction loss based on the principle of fluid force equilibrium is proposed in the paper, the variation law of the structure size influence on axial friction loss is also given. Based on the quantitative calculation of axial friction loss, the final structure size is determined by synthesizing the variation of different size structures stator iron loss. Finally, the physical model of the three-dimensional fluid-thermal coupling calculation on the analysis object is established by means of finite element analysis, and the stator temperature rise distribution is calculated

Analysis of Eddy Current Loss of 120-kW High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Pulse width modulation current harmonics and space harmonics are some of the major factors affecting the rotor eddy current loss of the high-speed permanent magnet motor. In this study, based on the principle of the equivalent current sheet, a two-dimensional motor model in a rectangular coordinate system was established. Considering the armature reaction, the end effect, and the current harmonics generated by variable frequency power supply, the eddy current loss of the rotor at different frequencies was analyzed and calculated using the analytical and finite element methods (FEM). When the frequency is between 200 Hz and 600 Hz, the variation trend of the rotor eddy current loss with a frequency obtained by analytical calculation and FEM analysis is roughly the same, and the error is still within a reasonable range. However, as the frequency continues to increase, the error between the two becomes larger and larger. Furthermore, based on the two-dimensional FE model, the influence of the sleeve material, the thickness, and the composite structure on the rotor eddy current loss were studied and analyzed. It was found that adding a graphene shielding layer between the permanent magnet and the sleeve can effectively shield the harmonic magnetic field, greatly reduce the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet, and effectively prevent the temperature of the permanent magnet from being too high, which is conducive to the continuous and stable operation of the high-speed permanent magnet motor

The contribution of the cingulate cortex: treating depressive symptoms in first-episode drug naive schizophrenia

Background: Our previous study has shown the cingulate cortex abnormalities in first-episode drug naive (FEDN) schizophrenia patients with comorbid depressive symptoms. However, it remains largely unknown whether anti -psychotics may induce morphometric change in cingulate cortex and its relationship with depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to further clarify the important role of cingulate cortex in the treatment on depres-sive symptoms in FEDN schizophrenia patients.Method: In this study, 42 FEDN schizophrenia patients were assigned into depressed patients group (DP, n = 24) and non-depressed patients group (NDP, n = 18) measured by the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Clinical assessments and anatomical images were obtained from all patients before and after 12-week treatment with risperidone.Results: Although risperidone alleviated psychotic symptoms in all patients, depressive symptoms were decreased only in DP. Significant group by time interaction effects were found in the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and other subcortical regions in the left hemisphere. After risperidone treatment, the right rACC were increased in DP. Further, the increasing volume of right rACC was negatively associated with improvement in depressive symptoms.Conclusion: These findings suggested that the abnormality of the rACC is the typical characteristics in schizophre-nia with depressive symptoms. It&#39;s likely key region contributing to the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of risperidone treatment on depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.</p

Structural abnormalities of cingulate cortex in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia comorbid with depressive symptoms

Depressive symptoms are common in patients with first-episode psychosis. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the comorbid depression in schizophrenia are still unknown. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the structural abnormalities of first-episodes drug-naive (FEDN) schizophrenia comorbid with depression by utilizing both volume-based and surface-based morphometric measurements. Forty-two patients with FEDN schizophrenia and 29 healthy controls were recruited. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) was administrated to divide all patients into depressive patients (DP) and non-depressive patients (NDP). Compared with NDP, DP had a significantly larger volume and surface area in the left isthmus cingulate cortex and also had a greater volume in the left posterior cingulate cortex. Correlation analysis showed that HAMD total score was positively correlated with the surface area of the left isthmus cingulate and gray matter volume of the left isthmus cingulate cortex. In addition, gray matter volume of the left isthmus cingulate was also correlated with the PANSS general psychopathology or total score. The findings suggest that prominent structural abnormalities of gray matter are mainly concentrated on the cingulate cortex in FEDN schizophrenia patients comorbid with depression, which may contribute to depressive symptoms and psychopathological symptoms.</p

An Efficient Security System for Mobile Data Monitoring

During the last decade, rapid development of mobile devices and applications has produced a large number of mobile data which hide numerous cyber-attacks. To monitor the mobile data and detect the attacks, NIDS/NIPS plays important role for ISP and enterprise, but now it still faces two challenges, high performance for super large patterns and detection of the latest attacks. High performance is dominated by Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) mechanism, which is the core of security devices. A new TTL attack is just put forward to escape detecting, such that the adversary inserts packet with short TTL to escape from NIDS/NIPS. To address the above-mentioned problems, in this paper, we design a security system to handle the two aspects. For efficient DPI, a new two-step partition of pattern set is demonstrated and discussed, which includes first set-partition and second set-partition. For resisting TTL attacks, we set reasonable TTL threshold and patch TCP protocol stack to detect the attack. Compared with recent produced algorithm, our experiments show better performance and the throughput increased 27% when the number of patterns is 106. Moreover, the success rate of detection is 100%, and while attack intensity increased, the throughput decreased