Influence of Family Structure on Adolescent Sexual Behaviour in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

The study investigates the influence of family structure on adolescent sexual behaviour in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The research was conducted by taking a sample of 330 adolescents who are 15-24 years. The analytical techniques used in the study are: univariate, bivariate and chi-square tests. The key findings of this study are: firstly, there are two types of family structures identified which include: in-tact and divorced families. Secondly, that the in-tact (at p=0.000) has significant influence on adolescent sexual behaviour. Thirdly, at p=0.000, it was observed that divorced family has significant effect on adolescent sexual behaviour. The recommendations for this study are that there is urgent strong counsel for folks in Nigerian society at large to shun divorce and value marriages thereby having more intact-homes which will curtail to a large extent immoral sexual behaviour among the adolescents

The Definitions and Onset of an Old Person in South-Western Nigeria

The paper investigated the definitions and onset of an old person in South-Western Nigeria. The study captured 13 and 11 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos and Oyo States. The states were selected randomly among the six states in the southwest geo-political zone of Nigeria. Similar procedure was adopted in selecting the LGAs. A triangulation approach was used in the research design. Four FGDs and 30 In-depth interviews were conducted as exploratory approaches. This was later complimented with face-to-face interviews among 938 old persons using questionnaire administration in the selected locations. Only descriptive analyses were carried out. Major findings include different dimensions of the definitions of 'an old person' which centered on frailty, inactivity, loss of strength, respect; sickness; growing old and inability to do hard work. A popular assertion for the onset of old person is that anyone who has reached the age of 50 years and above is regarded as an old person. The finding contradicts other culture (especially western) perspectives that old person or elderly begins at 60 or 65 years. The study represents an insight for governments and other stakeholders that all plans and benefit/provisions for aged should take into cognisance the onset of this period and give room for appropriate classification aged in South West Nigeria

Perception about being an aged person in South-Western Nigeria

This paper investigates the perception about being an aged person in SouthWestern Nigeria. 594 aged persons were interviewed through questionnaire administration in Lagos and Oyo states of South-western Nigeria. The univariate, bivariate and One-way Analysis of variance (F-ratios) were employed in the analyses of this research. The major findings of this study are: firstly, the univariate and bivariate results indicate that there is low-perception about being an aged person. Secondly, One-way Analysis of variance (F-ratios) show that the study location, age category, means of livelihood; and usual place of residence (Oyo and Lagos state rural settings) have significant influences on perception about being an aged person in South-Western Nigeria. Thus, the paper recommends the following: firstly, that aged persons from Lagos state who are 50-79 years should begin to admit from now that they are ‘elderly people’ despite the fact that some of them are retired and still physically active. Secondly, the salary earners who are still working as well as Lagos-rural dwellers should urgently assume their roles as elders both in the families and in larger Nigerian society

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Death of preceding child and maternal healthcare services utilisation in Nigeria: investigation using lagged logit models

Abstract Background One of the factors responsible for high level of childhood mortality in Nigeria is poor utilization of maternal healthcare (MHC) services. Another important perspective which has been rarely explored is the influence of childhood death on MHC service utilization. In this study, we examined the relationship between death of preceding child and MHC services utilization [antenatal care (ANC), skilled attendant at birth (SAB), and postnatal care (PNC)] among Nigerian women and across the six geo-political zones of the country. Methodology We analyzed reproductive history dataset for 16,747 index births extracted from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The main explanatory variable was survival status of preceding child; therefore, only second or higher order births were considered. Analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics and lagged logit models fitted for each measure of MHC utilization. Association and statistical significance were expressed as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval. Results The use of MCH services for most recent births in the 2013 Nigeria DHS were ANC (56.0%), SAB (34.7%), and PNC (27.3%). Univariate models revealed that the death of preceding child was associated with lesser likelihood of ANC (OR = 0.64, CI 0.57–0.71), SAB (OR = 0.56, CI 0.50–0.63), and PNC (OR = 0.65, CI 0.55–0.69). Following adjustment for maternal socio-economic and bio-demographic variables, statistical significance in the relationship disappeared for the three MHC indicators: ANC (AOR = 1.00, CI 0.88–1.14), SAB (AOR = 0.97, CI 0.81–1.15), and PNC (AOR = 0.95, CI 0.83–1.11). There were no significant variations across the six geo-political regions in Nigeria. The likelihood of ANC utilization was higher when the preceding child died in Northcentral (AOR = 1.19, CI 0.84–1.70), Northeast (AOR = 1.26, CI 0.99–1.59), and South-south (AOR = 1.19, CI 0.72–1.99) regions while the reverse is the case in Southeast (AOR = 0.39, CI 0.23–0.60). For the Southeast, similar result was obtained for ANC, SAB, and PNC. Conclusion Death of a preceding child does not predict MHC services use in Nigeria especially when maternal socio-economic characteristics are controlled. Variations across the Northern and Southern regions did not attain statistical significance. Interventions are needed to reverse the pattern such that greater MHC utilization is recorded among women who have experienced child death

Family type, ethnicity and under-five mortality in Nigeria

Background: High rate of under-five mortality (UFM) in Nigeria is an impediment to national development. This study examined the influence of family type and ethnicity on UFM.Data Source and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and employed the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey dataset. The survey utilised a stratified three-stage cluster sampling procedures in interviewing 31,828 women of childbearing age. Data were analysed using Chi-square test, Brass and Cox-proportional hazard models.Results: UFM rates were 92, 119 and 196 deaths per 1000 live births among Yoruba, Igbo/Ibo and Hausa/Fulani respectively. On overall, single-parent who were Hausa/Fulani women reported the highest deaths (265/'000) and the polygamous Igbo women reported the lowest (2/'000). UFM is lowest among the Igbo/Ibo while single parenting impact on UFM more among Hausa/Fulani than other ethnic groups.Conclussion: Family type and ethnicity were associated with UFM. Measures to reduce UFM should target single-parenting and the Hausa/Fulani

Level and determinants of high fertility in two contrasting populations in Nigeria

This study examined levels and determinants of high fertility in the north-west and south-west zones in Nigeria. The study utilized 2013 nation-wide survey data on women aged 15-49 years (n=11,300). Data were analysed using ANOVA, logistic-regression, Brass P/F-ratio, Brass-relational Gompertz fertility and survival analysis models. About 44.4% of women in the north-west had high fertility (CEB≥5) compared to 26.9% in the south-west. The refined TFR, childbearing transition probabilities and progression rate were higher in the north-west (prr=0.2686) than south-west (prr=0.1709). The extent at which the age location of childbearing in the north-west (α=-0.003, StdE=0.083) differs from the standard was higher than south-west (α=-0.032, SE=0.95), but the fertility distribution across ages in the south-west was narrower. The odds of high fertility was higher in the north-west (OR= 2.18, C.I=1.99-2.37, p<0.001) than south-west. This odds barely changed when other factors such as age, age at first-sex, age at first-birth, modern contraceptive use, wealth quintile, education, religion, ethnicity, sex preference and ideal family size were controlled for. Fertility level was higher in the north-west than south-west. Improving women’s education in the north-west may facilitate low fertility in the region.

Trends and transition times in parity progression among women of reproductive age in Nigeria between 1998 and 2012

Context: This study assessed the trends and transition times in parity progression among women of reproductive age in Nigeria between 1998 and 2012. Data Source & Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study which utilized data from the 2003, 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Data were analysed using Descriptive statistics, Brass P/F Ratio, Pandey and Suchrinder Parity Progression Method and Feeney and Yu Method of Period parity Progression. Findings: Our findings show that the proportion of women progressing to next parity was fairly equal for periods 1998-2002 and 2003-2007 with a slight decrease for period 2008-2012. There was a relatively consistent reduction in the speed of progression to high order parities from 1998 – 2012. Conclusion: In conclusion, not much progress has been made with respect to fertility reduction in the country. However, a reduction in the pace of progression to high order parities suggests Nigeria is experiencing a consistent but slow total fertility decline

Influence of Drug Abuse on Academic Performances, Parents’ life style and Peer-Pressure among the Nigerian University students

The paper tries to explore the influence of drug abuse on academic performances, parents’ life style and peer-pressure among the Nigerian University students. A total sample size of 350 University undergraduates was interviewed through questionnaire administration in a private University in Ota Ogun state, Nigeria. The sample taking for the study was 14 percent of the total population (2,480) of the students in 2013 during data gathering. The univariate, bivariate and Chi-square tests were employed in the analyses of the study. The major findings of this study are: Firstly, at p=0.000, there is a high significant influence of drug abuse on academic performances among the Nigerian University students. Secondly, at p=0.01, it was discovered that parents’ lifestyle (parents’ drug-in-take) had a significant effect on drug abuse by the Nigerian University students. Thirdly, the study revealed that peer influence has no significant effect on drug abuse amongst the University students at p=0.216. The recommendations for this study are: firstly, there should be henceforth, minimum of 5 years jail-term for any Nigerian University student found guilty of drug abuse both within and outside the campus. Secondly, from now on, those parents found guilty of drug abuse in Nigerian society should be sentenced to 10 years imprisonment with hard labor. Thirdly, in any Nigerian family where either the child or parent is guilty of drug abuse, such family should not be allowed to hold any public leadership position in any capacity throughout their life time. Key Words: Academic performances, Drug abuse, Nigerian university students

Influence of Family Structure on Adolescent Sexual Behaviour in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

The study investigates the influence of family structure on adolescent sexual behaviour in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The research was conducted by taking a sample of 330 adolescents who are 15-24 years. The analytical techniques used in the study are: univariate, bivariate and chi-square tests. The key findings of this study are: firstly, there are two types of family structures identified which include: in-tact and divorced families. Secondly, that the in-tact (at p=0.000) has significant influence on adolescent sexual behaviour. Thirdly, at p=0.000, it was observed that divorced family has significant effect on adolescent sexual behaviour. The recommendations for this study are that there is urgent strong counsel for folks in Nigerian society at large to shun divorce and value marriages thereby having more intact-homes which will curtail to a large extent immoral sexual behaviour among the adolescents. Key Words: Adolescent, Family structure, Sexual behaviou