Mining the Future® – Challenge-based International Innovation Competition - Award Ceremony

The consortium led by Edaphos, consisting of soil engineers and mechanical engineers, proposes to process the traditionally landfilled molasse into topsoil-like material using a process called "soil formulation". Lead team: Edapho

Nickel phytomining from industrial wastes: growing nickel hyperaccumulator plants on galvanic sludges

Nickel (Ni) is used in numerous industrial processes, with large amounts of Ni-rich industrial wastes produced, which are largely sent to landfill. Nickel recovery from waste materials that would otherwise be disposed is of particular interest. Nickel phytomining represents a new technology in which hyperaccumulator plants are cultivated on Ni-rich substrates for commercial metal recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of Ni transfer from industrial waste into plant biomass, to support recovery processes from bio-ores. Different industrial galvanic sludges (containing 85–150 g kg−1 Ni) were converted into artificial substrates (i.e. technosols) and the Ni hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena chalcidica (formerly Alyssum murale) was cultivated on these Ni-rich matrices. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted for three months including an ultramafic soil control and testing fertilized (NPK) and unfertilized replicates. The results showed that fertilization was effective in improving plant biomass for all the substrates and that O. chalcidica was capable of viably growing on technosols, producing a comparable biomass to O. chalcidica on the control (ultramafic soil). On all technosols, O. chalcidica achieved Ni shoot concentrations of more than >1000 mg Ni kg −1 and maximum Ni uptake was obtained from one of the technosols (26.8 g kg −1 Ni, unfertilized; 20.2 g kg −1 Ni, fertilized). Nickel accumulation from three of the technosols resulted to be comparable with the control ultramafic soil. This study demonstrated the feasibility of transferring Ni from toxic waste into the biomass of Odontarrhena chalcidica and that phytomining from galvanic sludge-derived technosols can provide similar Ni yields as from natural ultramafic soils

Implementing nickel phytomining in a serpentine quarry in NW Spain

In Galicia (NW Spain), ultramafic outcrops represent approximately 5% of the land surface and several mining and quarrying activities take place in these areas.Resulting mine-soils present physical, chemical and biological properties which limit plant growth and soil functioning. Nickel phytomining, an eco-friendly strategy for metal recovery, could potentially be applied to these areas.A one-year field experiment was carried out in a serpentine quarry to evaluate the performance of four Ni hyperaccumulating plant species, comparing the Mediterranean spp. Bornmuellera emarginata and Odontarrhena muralis with the native populations of Noccaea caerulescens and Odontarrhena serpyllifolia. Field plots were established and amended with inorganic NPK fertilisers or composted sewage sludge. Three replicate plots (4 m(2)) were planted for each plant species and fertilisation regime. Amending with compost reduced pH from 7.8 to 6.6, and increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient concentrations and Ni availability. Moreover, compost-amended mine-soil presented higher microbial density and activity, parameters which were further stimulated by plant growth.Plant biomass production of all plant species was significantly higher in compost-amended soils than that after NPK fertilisation, being most pronounced for O. muralis and B. emarginata. Despite the reduction in shoot Ni concentrations observed in plants (except O. muralis) grown in compost-amended plots, the increased biomass production led to significantly higher Ni yields (in kg ha(-1)) in B. emarginata (2.9), N. caerulescens (1.9) and O. muralis (2.3). All plant species were able to establish and grow in the mine-soil (with the Mediterranean species showing a higher capacity for adaptation) and to generate moderate Ni yields.Nonetheless, the results highlight the need for further optimisation in order to enhance the Ni phytoextraction efficiency.Finally, the improvement in soil quality after compost amendment and plant growth support the idea that phytomining systems can be effective approaches for the rehabilitation of soils affected by quarrying operations after mine closure