A Novel QWT Fed Penta- Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Various Wireless Applications

A conventional patch antenna is initially designed with edge fed feeding. The four edges of patch are chamfered to make it octagon shaped. Further four slots two in horizontal and two oriented vertically are etched on the patch. A H shaped Slot is created on Ground. The result is a multi- resonant antenna for SATCOM and RADAR applications. The use of flexible substrate is to suit the chosen wireless applications. The optimized antenna model with its vital parameters are  presented in this paper

Triple Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with L Shaped Slots on Ground Plane

Conventional Microstrip Patch Antennas have a PEC ground plane and because of this reason its bandwidth is always narrow.  In this paper, a novel triple band antenna model is presented in which L shaped  patterns are etched on  its ground plane making it a magnetic plane, resulting in  superior radiating features due to effective elimination of surface waves (because of slots in its ground plane). The proposed antenna resonates at three frequencies, i.e., 2.36, 3.42, 4.46 GHz.  This antenna has an adequate gain of 4.6, 4.5, 3.3 dBs respectively at its resonances, exhibiting linear Polarization

Edge Chamfered Novel Miniaturized Patch Antenna with U Slots for WLAN, WIMAX Applications

In this paper, the design of a Wide band, compact, miniaturized patch antenna for WLAN, WIMAX applications is presented. The conventional patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2.785 GHz. The proposed rectangular patch is initially modified by chamfering the lower radiating edge (to make it much more compact). Further, the proposed antenna has two U shaped slots etched over the patch and a U shaped slot on the microstrip feed line. Besides this, a spiral resonator is also etched over its ground plane. This antenna has dual resonances one at 2.476 GHz and another at 2.54 GHz with a gain of 4.5 dB, 5.09 dB respectively. The percentage of miniaturization is found to be 27.38%, 20.89% for the two band of resonances

A Novel Triple Band Microstrip Patch Antenna

In this paper the design of a multi resonant patch antenna is presented. The conventional antenna is modified by removing small triangular slots from its patch. This attempt is continued in order to make the antenna radiate at WIMAX, Public and Private Bands with adequate gain and Bandwidth. The proposed antenna has an omnidirectional pattern with radiating efficiency greater than 85% in all the three bands of resonances.

Tetra Band Floral Patterned Patch Antenna with CSRR in its Ground Plane

A compact floral patterned antenna using a novel metamaterial structure (CSRR) in its ground plane is presented. These metamaterial structures miniaturize the antenna, inducing tetra resonances. The antenna resonates at 4.735, 5.185, 6.08, 6.71 GHz with adequate gains of 2.87, 3.05, 3.76, 4.30 dB’s and a bandwidth of  56, 75, 50, 110 MHz in its resonances.  The proposed antenna is targeted to create resonances in Radar and public Bands of frequency spectras. Key Antenna parameters obtained from the simulator are presented along with detailed discussions in this paper

Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna with Metamaterial (Spiral Resonator) on Ground

A novel wideband patch antenna designed to resonate at public band is presented in this paper. The model besides tradional modeling implements spiral resonators in its ground plane. A conventional patch is designed and then a SR is designed. To get a band enhanced antenna resonating at predefined spectra six such Spiral resonators are etched in its ground plane besides Patch portion being etched with four triangles on its radiating as well as non-radiating edges similar to first iteration of a fractal antenna. The detailed analysis is also presented

The Role of Placental Homeobox Genes in Human Fetal Growth Restriction

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an adverse pregnancy outcome associated with significant perinatal and paediatric morbidity and mortality, and an increased risk of chronic disease later in adult life. One of the key causes of adverse pregnancy outcome is fetal growth restriction (FGR). While a number of maternal, fetal, and environmental factors are known causes of FGR, the majority of FGR cases remain idiopathic. These idiopathic FGR pregnancies are frequently associated with placental insufficiency, possibly as a result of placental maldevelopment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of abnormal placental development in idiopathic FGR is, therefore, of increasing importance. Here, we review our understanding of transcriptional control of normal placental development and abnormal placental development associated with human idiopathic FGR. We also assess the potential for understanding transcriptional control as a means for revealing new molecular targets for the detection, diagnosis, and clinical management of idiopathic FGR

Decreased Placental FPR2 in Early Pregnancies That Later Developed Small-For-Gestation Age: A Potential Role of FPR2 in the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

We reported earlier that an anti-inflammatory small peptide receptor-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2) was significantly decreased in placentas from third trimester pregnancies complicated with fetal growth restriction (FGR), compared to placentas from uncomplicated control pregnancies, suggesting FPR2 may play a role in the development of FGR. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the actions of FPR2 alters placental growth process in humans. Accordingly, using small-for-gestation age (SGA) as a proxy for FGR, we hypothesize that FPR2 expression is decreased in first-trimester placentas of women who later manifest FGR, and contributes to aberrant trophoblast function and the development of FGR. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) tissues were collected at 10-12 weeks gestation in 70 patients with singleton fetuses; surplus tissue was used. Real-time PCR and immunoassays were performed to quantitate FPR2 gene and protein expression. Silencing of FPR2 was performed in two independent, trophoblast-derived cell lines, HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 to investigate the functional consequences of FPR2 gene downregulation. FPR2 mRNA relative to 18S rRNA was significantly decreased in placentae from SGA-pregnancies (n = 28) compared with controls (n = 52) (p < 0.0001). Placental FPR2 protein was significantly decreased in SGA compared with control (n = 10 in each group, p < 0.05). Proliferative, migratory and invasive potential of the human placental-derived cell lines, HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 were significantly reduced in siFPR2 treated cells compared with siCONT control groups. Down-stream signaling molecules, STAT5B and SOCS3 were identified as target genes of FPR2 action in the trophoblast-derived cell lines and in SGA and control chorionic villous tissues. FPR2 is a novel regulator of key molecular pathways and functions in placental development, and its decreased expression in women destined to develop FGR reinforces a placental origin of SGA/FGR, and that it contributes to causing the development of SGA/FGR

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF ONLINE GROSS ANATOMY LABORATORY CLASSES VIA ZOOM TECHNOLOGY

BACKGROUND During the 1st semester of 2020 the unit ‘Functional Anatomy of the Trunk’ was re-designed and taught online, in response to the COVID-19 virus lockdown. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of computer based online support tools (as replacement of the traditional cadaver based laboratory learning), in conjunction with a focused period of synchronous Zoom delivery, achieved student outcomes and learning experience. DESCRIPTION OF INTERVENTION The curriculum of the unit deals with the gross anatomy of the human trunk. The unit was taught in small groups (around 30 students) and entirely online with Zoom technology. DESIGN AND METHODS N=41 first year students participated in this study and were invited at the conclusion of the unit to complete an anonymous opinion-based survey (via Qualtrics). Student grades and learning management system analytics was also analysed. RESULTS Preliminary results indicate that students’ perception of the online gross anatomy laboratory learning was positive and extended their learning. However, the online learning platform has its limitations, not using real bodies makes it harder to appreciate the 3D relationships between structure and function. CONCLUSIONS Students’ perception of online learning as a replacement of the traditional gross anatomy laboratory was surprisingly positive. Most agreed that it provided valuable insights and improved their understanding of anatomy as well as helped with the application of anatomical knowledge. Equally so, they strongly agreed that the online 2D learning experience was less engaging and interesting than learning using real bodies