Akciğere metastaz yapan nadir bir karsinom: Sertoli-leydig hücreli tümör

The lung is the most common site of metastasis for many malignancies. Especially the gastrointestinal system, gynecological malignancies and osteosarcomas frequently metastasize to the lung. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all ovarian neoplasms. The frequency of recurrence and metastasis is less than 5%. In most cases, they are stage I tumors, limited to the ovary and carry a good prognosis. Here, while investigating the nodules in the lung that were detected incidentally at the age of 64, the rare Sertoli-leydig cell tumor of the lung is discussed clinically, radiologically and pathologically in the presence of a 64-year-old patient who was found to have undergone ovarian surgery 9 years ago. Since imaging methods and tumor markers did not yield significant results in terms of primary malignancy, wedge resection was performed from the left lung nodules. The histology of the lung nodule was the same as the poorly differentiated foci of the ovarian tumor. The immunohistochemical profiles of the two tumors were also similar. As a result of the evaluation of the patient's old materials belonging to the ovary and the samples taken from the lung together; The diagnosis was reached by obtaining similar results with the primary tumor in the immunohistochemical examination performed for the metastatic focus. Sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary, which rarely cause lung metastasis and have a tendency to recur and metastasis in a very long time after the first diagnosis, should also be kept in mind in the elderly woman and the patient with a gynecological history

Clinical Characteristics and Transmission Routes of COVID-19 in the Early Period of the Pandemic in a Non-Covid Ward of Chest Diseases Hospital

Objective: In the early stages of the outbreak, Covid patients were followed-up in isolated Covid Wards, and the examinations of other pulmonary diseases continued in Non-Covid wards. Differential diagnosis between COVID-19 and infections caused by other pathogens is not adequately recognized. For this reason, it is even more difficult to identify patients who are infected with SARS-CoV2 or other pathogens. In the present study, the clinical characteristics and transmission routes of the Covid-19 cases in Non-Covid Wards within approximately 2 months’ time after the onset of the pandemic were analyzed speculatively. Method: In the early periods of the pandemic, quarantine wards were created for Covid patients in Chest Diseases Hospital, but there were also changes in Non-Covid patients and new Non-Covid hospitalizations. The clinical characteristics and transmission routes of the Covid cases in Non-Covid Ward were examined retrospectively and observationally between 10.03.2020 and 30.04.2020. Results: During this period, a total of 35 Covid cases were detected as a patient, companion and healthcare employees. The median age of the patients was 50 years (min-max 25-85). There were 17 patients (48.6%) who were not severe, and 18 severe patients (51.4%), and 10 (28.6%) patients died. A total of 25 (71,4%) of infected cases were verified with the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Test, and 10 (28,6%) were diagnosed clinically and radiologically as possible COVID-19 cases. Being 65 years old or over, having comorbid diseases, especially COPD, the presence of dyspnea as a symptom and involvement on chest radiography were found to be significantly associated with survival (p0.027, 0.009, 0.038, 0.000 and 0.033, respectively). Lymphopenia, increase in neutrophil count, CRP and NLR value were found to be statistically related to survival (p 0.005, 0.001, 0.014 and 0.000, respectively). We found 4 super spreaders, one of whom was a companion, and 3 patients. Conclusion: Potential “super spreaders” can be the source of infection before the quarantine conditions are applied and comprehensive protection is implemented. For this reason, quarantine, use of personal protective equipment, application of social distancing, and the implementation of comprehensive preventive measures, such as disinfection, are crucial in controlling nosocomial infection

Effect of host risk factors in identifying mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia and a new COVID-19 mortality index: Co-AMSCA

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The purpose of the study was to examine the host risk factors related to mortality in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and to find a COVID-19 mortality score based on these factors. METHODS: Subjects hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia between March 11, 2020, and October 1, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. The age, gender, smoking status, body mass index, blood group, severity of pneumonia, comorbidity, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction positivity, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, radiological changes, and mortality rates of the patients who had proven COVID-19 pneumonia were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups according to mortality status, and the two groups were compared. The cutoff values, sensitivity and specificity values, and odds ratios were calculated to predict mortality of the new scoring system. RESULTS: A total of 422 patients (51 mortal and 371 nonmortal) participated in the study. The univariate regression analysis showed that age, male gender, smoking, comorbidity, and using ACE inhibitors were prognostic host risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality. A new scoring model with the combination of risk factors named Co-AMSCA was created in the study. The cutoff value of the system was found to be 3.5 with 88.4% sensitivity and 65.5% specificity. The mortality risk in patients with a Co-AMSCA mortality score above 3.5 points was 7.8 times higher than that in patients whose score was lower than 3.5 points. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age and smoking were significant risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A mortality score was created based on host risk factors, which are easy to calculate and do not need laboratory tests and do not waste the time of the clinicians. This study showed that by using Co-AMSCA scoring model, it is possible to achieve a mortality prediction in COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized due to pneumonia

Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Hesaplanan Haunsfield Ünitesinin Plevral Sıvı Transüda-Eksüda Ayrımındaki Tanısal Değeri ve Plevral Sıvı Nötrofil/Lenfosit Oranı ile Karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilgisayarlı tomografide hesaplanan Haunsfield ünitesi (HU) değerinin plevral sıvı transüda-eksüda ayrımındaki değerini ortaya koymak ve ayrım açısından plevranın radyolojik özellikleri ve plevral sıvı nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR) ile karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, 2008-2018 yılları arasında torasentez ile plevra sıvısı örneklemesi yapılan hastalar tek merkezde, retrospektif olarak incelendi. Toraks bilgisayarlı tomografide sıvının en fazla olduğu üç ayrı kesitten HU ölçümü yapıldı. HU için optimal cut-off değeri belirlendi. Plevranın bilgisayarlı tomografi görünümleri ve plevral sıvı NLR’nin transüda-eksüda ayrımındaki yeri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada 411 hasta incelendi. Tek taraflı plevra sıvılarının eksüda olma durumunun daha yüksek olduğu saptandı (p=0,001). Plevral nodül ve plevral lokülasyon özellikleri eksüda niteliğindeki sıvılarda daha sık görülmekle birlikte transüda-eksüda ayrımında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık görülmedi. Plevral sıvı NLR ile transüda ve eksüda olma durumu arasında ve plevra sıvısı NLR ile HU değeri arasında bir ilişki izlenmemiş olup istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuca ulaşılamadı. Plevra sıvısı HU değeri ile transüda-eksüda ayrımında opaklı-opaksız çekimlerde anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Transüda-eksüda ayrımında HU için optimal cut-off değeri 7,9 olarak hesaplandı ve 7,9 değerine göre duyarlılık %45,8, özgüllük %86,3, pozitif prediktif değer %86,3, negatif prediktif değer %25,6 olarak saptandı. HU 7,9’un üzerinde olan hastaların; 7,9 ve altında olan hastalara göre 5,33 kat eksüda olma ihtimali fazla olarak bulundu (p=0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmamız plevra sıvısının bilgisayarlı tomografide HU değeri ile plevranın radyolojik özelliklerinin karşılaştırıldığı en geniş seridir. HU için optimal cut-off değeri 7,9 olup, HU değerinin 7,9’un altında olması transüda olma ihtimalini artırmaktadır. İnvaziv işlem yapılamayan ya da tanısal işlem öncesi transüda-eksüda ayrımında HU ölçümünün invaziv olmayan bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceği düşünüldü

Antibiotic resistance rates and penicillin MIC distribution in patients with streptococcal pneumonia between 2013-2019, and use of antibiotics in clinical practice

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antibiotic resistance rates and use of antibiotics in patients with streptococcal pneumonia in a reference tertiary care hospital for pulmonary diseases in Izmir, Turkey.Methods: A total of 1224 cases with streptococcal pneumonia between 2013 and 2019 were included in the study, retrospectively. Drug susceptibility testing for penicillin and other antibiotics were performed according to the recommendations of EUCAST criteria. Clinical data and general characteristics were collected and evaluated for each patient in accordance with the susceptibility testing report.Results: Totally, resistance rates for trimethophrim-sulfamethoxazole, penicillin (oxacillin), erythromycin, tetra-cycline, clindamycin and levofloxacin resistance were 63.5%, 39.8%, 37.7%, 37.6%, 28.8%, and 4.8%, respec-tively. Antibiotic resistance was not detected against vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid. Multidrug resistance rate was found to be 27.1%. It was observed that there was a statistically significant decrease in trimethophrim-sulfamethoxazole, penicillin (oxacillin), erythromycin, clindamycin and levofloxacin resistance rates by years (p: 0.000, 0.004, 0.000, 0.001, 0.010, respectively). The penicillin MIC distribution was higher at the range of 0.12-2 mu g/mL and there was statistical difference among the ranges of MIC values for the representative years (p:0.033). Among the antibiotics investigated, the most commonly used antibiotic was moxifloxacin.Conclusions: Trimethophrim-sulfamethoxazole resistance rate has been found higher than other antibiotics. As penicillin MIC values were at the range of 0.12-2 mu g/mL frequently, high doses of penicillin treatment might be required in some patients. It is noteworthy that significant decrease in resistance rates in penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline could be due to the vaccination programme carried out since 2008 in Turkey. As the empiric use of quinolones is high it would be more appropriate to use it according to the susceptibility testing. It is important to determine the regional antimicrobial susceptibility for Streptococcus pneumoniae to select appropriate empirical antimicrobials in the clinical practice

Pulmonary Strongyloides stercoralis infection

The 17-year-old male patient presented with fever, weakness, dyspnea and weight loss. His chest radiography demonstrated diffuse reticulonodular density, and high-resolution lung tomography indicated diffuse micronodules and prevalent ground-glass pattern. The findings were consistent with miliary involvement. The patient underwent examinations for rheumatology, immunology, cytology and infectious conditions. His immune system was normal and had no comorbidities or any history of immunosuppressive treatment. Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were noted upon direct inspection of the feces. Clinical and radiological improvement was achieved with albendazole 400 mg/day. This case is being presented since miliary involvement in the lungs caused by S. stercoralis infection in an individual with intact immune system is rare and difficult to diagnosis

Evaluation of curative and palliative radiotherapy efficacy in extensive stage small cell lung cancer

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of curative and palliative radiotherapy in the treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer (E-SCLC), and compare therapy effect on survival with or without metastatic disease

Is the Effect of Pulse Corticosteroid Different From the Lower Dose on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia?

Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a disease with high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of pulse corticosteroid therapy in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods: Patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia between June 2020 and December 2020 were included in the study. All data were retrospectively obtained. Age, gender, smoking history, presence of chronic disease, and laboratory parameters of the patients were recorded. Information about radiological involvement, respiratory failure, corticosteroid treatment/ pulse corticosteroid treatment status, transfer to the intensive care unit, and mortality was obtained. Results: Two-hundred and sixty-one patients were included in the study. There were 231 patients in the lower dose and 30 patients in the pulse dose corticosteroid group. The median age of the patients was similar in both pulse corticosteroid and lower dose corticosteroid groups [respectively; median 59 years (IQR= 19 years) vs. 60 years (IQR= 20 years), p= 0.66]. CRP levels were significantly higher and blood lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the pulse dose corticosteroid group (p= 0.01, p= 0.02). Eight patients (3.5%) died in the lower dose corticosteroid group and five patients (16.7%) died in the pulse dose corticosteroid group; the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.01). Propensity score matching according to age, sex, respiratory failure, CRP, ferritin, and LDH levels, revealed no difference in mortality between pulse dose or lower dose corticosteroid therapy (p= 0.71). Conclusion: In the context of COVID-19 treatment, the administration of pulse-dose corticosteroid therapy does not appear to confer a beneficial effect on mortality when compared to lower-dose therapy