Connaissances de l'environnement socio-culturel pour les requérants d'asile: enquête sur les effets du projet auprès des participants

Ce travail de Bachelor achèvera ma formation d’éducatrice spécialisée au sein de la Haute École de Travail Social (HETS). De plus, il me permettra d’évaluer le projet « Connaissance de l’environnement socio-culturel» créé durant le module libre à la HETS. Dans l’objectif d’améliorer l’intégration des requérants d’asile en Valais, ce projet a été mis sur pied en collaboration avec la HETS et l’Office de l’asile. A travers ce travail, j’ai voulu aborder les différents aspects du domaine de l’asile et de l’intégration auprès de la population érythréenne afin de me permettre de vérifier au mieux les bénéfices du projet. Ce dernier a été intégré dans le module pratique E8 de la HETS. Durant le 4ème semestre d’étude, les étudiants ayant choisi ce projet ont été amené à accompagner un groupe de trois à quatre requérants d’asile afin d’améliorer leurs connaissances de l’environnement ainsi que de la langue française. A raison de trois heures par semaine durant cinq mois, les étudiants ont abordé des thèmes tels que les achats, la mobilité ou encore les loisirs afin d’améliorer leur autonomie dans notre société. Ce projet pilote, sous la direction de Marcelle Gay, a débuté au printemps 2015. Pour terminer et afin d’en vérifier l’utilité, j’ai interrogé les participants du projet ainsi que les étudiants qui ont accompagné les bénéficiaires tout au long de cette démarche. L’analyse des résultats m’a permise de prendre connaissance de l’apport de ce projet pour les requérants d’asile et pour les étudiants. Malgré la difficulté à évaluer les connaissances acquises, les retours s’avèrent positifs

Integration of an Informatics System in a High Throughput Experimentation. Description of a Global Framework Illustrated Through Several Examples.

International audienceHigh Throughput Experimentation (HTE) is a rapidly expanding field. However, the productivity gains obtained via the synthesis or parallel testing of catalysts may be lost due to poor data management (numerous manual inputs, information difficult to access, etc.). A global framework has then been developed. It includes the HTE pilot plants in the global information system. It produces dedicated computer tools offering spectacular time savings in the operation of HTE units, information storage and rapid extraction of relevant information. To optimize the productivity of engineers, Excel has been included in the system by adding specific features in order to treat it as an industrial tool (development of additional modules, update of modules, etc.). The success obtained by setting up the information system is largely due to the chosen development method. An Agile method (Agile Alliance (2012) http://www.agilealliance.org/the-alliance/)[1] was chosen since close collaboration between the computer specialists and the chemist engineers is essential. Rather than a global and precise description of the framework which might be boring and tedious, the global framework is presented through 3 examples: - scheduling experiments applied to zeolite synthesis; - data management (storage and access); - real application to pilot plant: dedicated interfaces to pilot and supervise HTE pilot plants, comparison of tests runs coming from several pilot plants

Girl–boy differences in perceptions of health determinants and cancer: a more systemic view of girls as young as 6 years

IntroductionTo model and analyze the differences between girls' and boys' conceptions of the determinants of health and cancer, as expressed and perceived by children and adolescents.MethodA multicentric qualitative study was conducted in five schools (ages 6–11 years), four middle schools (ages 11–15 years), and three high schools (ages 15–18 years). A multi-phase protocol (phase 1 uses the e.Photoexpression© and phase 2 uses the Photonarration) enables children and teenagers to express themselves through photography and storytelling.ResultsA total of 4,174 qualitative productions were produced by 1,068 children, of which 47% were girls and 53% were boys, all in the ages of 6–18 years. From the results of the productions, it can be noticed that children mentioned and were aware of 30 determinants of health and cancer. The three determinants most mentioned were “Consumption of psychotropic drugs”, “Diet”, and “Harmful environment”. Among these 30 determinants, some were mentioned to a greater or lesser extent by girls and boys. These significant gender differences are present for 20 determinants of health and cancer. These differences evolve with age: (1) In elementary school (ages 6–11), girls gave significantly more importance (p < 0.05) to 11 determinants, while boys attached significantly more importance (p < 0.05) to 2 determinants. (2) In middle school (ages 11–16), girls gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to 12 determinants, while boys gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to one determinant. (3) In high school (ages 15–18 years), girls gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to 13 determinants. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in favor of boys for high school students. Girls also have a more systemic view of health determinants than boys. The increase in the number of determinants cited by girls is significant (p = 0.017) between the ages of 6–11 and 15–18 years. This gap widens with age (+1.45 determinants) for girls and (+0.68 determinants) for boys between elementary school and high school.ConclusionThe determinants identified as predominantly female or male, as well as age-related specificities, constitute a resource for effective preventive action, as close as possible to the needs and particularities of a population. This mapping of people's conceptions could provide a decision-making aid in defining the strategic orientations of prevention policies

Development of efficient digestion procedures for quantitative determination of cobalt and molybdenum catalyst residues in carbon nanotubes

Whatever the method used for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), they always contain residual catalysts in variable amount. Many methods have been proposed in the literature to purify CNTs, but their efficiency strongly depends on the experimental conditions. Although the presence of residual catalysts in small amount is generally not a problem for many applications, this can become a critical issue when a high purity is required, typically for magnetic properties or for biomedical applications (because of the intrinsic toxicity of most catalysts). Quantification of the amount of residual catalysts is usually obtained by classical chemical analysis, which requires a preliminary digestion (complete mineralisation) of the CNT samples. In this work, we systematically compared 3 different digestion protocols and optimised one, reaching 100% dissolution within a very limited time (1 h) together with the requirement of only a few milligrams of sample, and safe experimental conditions. This method can be easily transferred for use in research laboratories, making accessible the quantitative analysis of CNT samples, and has been validated following ISO/ IEC 17025:2005 for linearity, specificity, intermediate precision, limits of detection and quantification

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570