Proper time and path integral representations for the commutation function

On the example of the quantized spinor field, interacting with arbitrary external electromagnetic field, the commutation function is studied. It is shown that a proper time representation is available in any dimensions. Using it, all the light cone singularities of the function are found explicitly, generalizing the Fock formula in four dimensions, and a path integral representation is constructed.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX, uses pictex macro

Friedmann universe with dust and scalar field

We study a spatially flat Friedmann model containing a pressureless perfect fluid (dust) and a scalar field with an unbounded from below potential of the form V(\fii)=W_0 - V_0\sinh(\sqrt{3/2}\kappa\fii), where the parameters $W_0$ and $V_0$ are arbitrary and $\kappa=\sqrt{8\pi G_N}=M_p^{-1}$. The model is integrable and all exact solutions describe the recollapsing universe. The behavior of the model near both initial and final points of evolution is analyzed. The model is consistent with the observational parameters. We single out the exact solution with the present-day values of acceleration parameter $q_0=0.5$ and dark matter density parameter $\Omega_{\rho 0}=0.3$ describing the evolution within the time approximately equal to $2H_0^{-1}$.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure

One-loop energy-momentum tensor in QED with electric-like background

We have obtained nonperturbative one-loop expressions for the mean energy-momentum tensor and current density of Dirac's field on a constant electric-like background. One of the goals of this calculation is to give a consistent description of back-reaction in such a theory. Two cases of initial states are considered: the vacuum state and the thermal equilibrium state. First, we perform calculations for the vacuum initial state. In the obtained expressions, we separate the contributions due to particle creation and vacuum polarization. The latter contributions are related to the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian. Then, we study the case of the thermal initial state. Here, we separate the contributions due to particle creation, vacuum polarization, and the contributions due to the work of the external field on the particles at the initial state. All these contributions are studied in detail, in different regimes of weak and strong fields and low and high temperatures. The obtained results allow us to establish restrictions on the electric field and its duration under which QED with a strong constant electric field is consistent. Under such restrictions, one can neglect the back-reaction of particles created by the electric field. Some of the obtained results generalize the calculations of Heisenberg-Euler for energy density to the case of arbitrary strong electric fields.Comment: 35 pages; misprints in the sign in definitions (40)-(43), and (68) corrected, results unchange

Integration of D-dimensional 2-factor spaces cosmological models by reducing to the generalized Emden-Fowler equation

The D-dimensional cosmological model on the manifold $M = R \times M_{1} \times M_{2}$ describing the evolution of 2 Einsteinian factor spaces, $M_1$ and $M_2$, in the presence of multicomponent perfect fluid source is considered. The barotropic equation of state for mass-energy densities and the pressures of the components is assumed in each space. When the number of the non Ricci-flat factor spaces and the number of the perfect fluid components are both equal to 2, the Einstein equations for the model are reduced to the generalized Emden-Fowler (second-order ordinary differential) equation, which has been recently investigated by Zaitsev and Polyanin within discrete-group analysis. Using the integrable classes of this equation one generates the integrable cosmological models. The corresponding metrics are presented. The method is demonstrated for the special model with Ricci-flat spaces $M_1,M_2$ and the 2-component perfect fluid source.Comment: LaTeX file, no figure

Quantum scalar field in FRW Universe with constant electromagnetic background

We discuss massive scalar field with conformal coupling in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe of special type with constant electromagnetic field. Treating an external gravitational-electromagnetic background exactly, at first time the proper-time representations for out-in, in-in, and out-out scalar Green functions are explicitly constructed as proper-time integrals over the corresponding (complex) contours. The vacuum-to-vacuum transition amplitudes and number of created particles are found and vacuum instability is discussed. The mean values of the current and energy-momentum tensor are evaluated, and different approximations for them are investigated. The back reaction of the particles created to the electromagnetic field is estimated in different regimes. The connection between proper-time method and effective action is outlined. The effective action in scalar QED in weakly-curved FRW Universe (De Sitter space) with weak constant electromagnetic field is found as derivative expansion over curvature and electromagnetic field strength. Possible further applications of the results are briefly mentioned.Comment: 38 pages, LaTe

QED in external field with space-time uniform invariants: Exact solutions

We study exact solutions of Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations and Green functions in d-dimensional QED and in an external electromagnetic field with constant and homogeneous field invariants. The cases of even and odd dimensions are considered separately, they are essentially different. We direct attention to the asymmetry of the quasienergy spectrum, which appears in odd dimensions. The in and out classification of the exact solutions as well as the completeness and orthogonality relations is strictly proven. Different Green functions in the form of sums over the exact solutions are constructed. The Fock-Schwinger proper time integral representations of these Green functions are found. As physical applications we consider the calculations of different quantum effects related to the vacuum instability in the external field. For example, we present mean values of particles created from the vacuum, the probability of the vacuum remaining a vacuum, the effective action, and the expectation values of the current and energy-momentum tensor

Spin multistability of cavity polaritons in a magnetic field

Spin transitions are studied theoretically and experimentally in a resonantly excited system of cavity polaritons in a magnetic field. Weak pair interactions in this boson system make possible fast and massive spin flips occurring at critical amplitudes due to the interplay between amplitude dependent shifts of eigenstates and the Zeeman splitting. Dominant spin of a condensate can be toggled forth and back by tuning of the pump intensity only, which opens the way for ultra-fast spin switchings of polariton condensates on a picosecond timescale.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Coherent and semiclassical states in magnetic field in the presence of the Aharonov-Bohm solenoid

A new approach to constructing coherent states (CS) and semiclassical states (SS) in magnetic-solenoid field is proposed. The main idea is based on the fact that the AB solenoid breaks the translational symmetry in the xy-plane, this has a topological effect such that there appear two types of trajectories which embrace and do not embrace the solenoid. Due to this fact, one has to construct two different kinds of CS/SS, which correspond to such trajectories in the semiclassical limit. Following this idea, we construct CS in two steps, first the instantaneous CS (ICS) and the time dependent CS/SS as an evolution of the ICS. The construction is realized for nonrelativistic and relativistic spinning particles both in (2+1)- and (3+1)- dimensions and gives a non-trivial example of SS/CS for systems with a nonquadratic Hamiltonian. It is stressed that CS depending on their parameters (quantum numbers) describe both pure quantum and semiclassical states. An analysis is represented that classifies parameters of the CS in such respect. Such a classification is used for the semiclassical decompositions of various physical quantities.Comment: 35 pages, 2 figures. Some typos in (77), (101), and (135) corrected with respect to the published version. Results unchange