8,149 research outputs found
Energy-momentum tensor in thermal strong-field QED with unstable vacuum
The mean value of the one-loop energy-momentum tensor in thermal QED with
electric-like background that creates particles from vacuum is calculated. The
problem differes essentially from calculations of effective actions (similar to
that of Heisenberg--Euler) in backgrounds that do not violate the stability of
vacuum. The role of a constant electric background in the violation of both the
stability of vacuum and the thermal character of particle distribution is
investigated. Restrictions on the electric field and its duration under which
one can neglect the back-reaction of created particles are established.Comment: 7 pages, Talk presented at Workshop "Quantum Field Theory under the
Influence of External Conditions", Leipzig, September 17-21, 2007;
introduction extended, version accepted for publication in J.Phys.
Regularization, renormalization and consistency conditions in QED with x-electric potential steps
The present article is an important addition to the nonperturbative
formulation of QED with x-steps presented by Gavrilov and Gitman in Phys. Rev.
D. 93, 045002 (2016). Here we propose a new renormalization and volume
regularization procedures which allow one to calculate and distinguish physical
parts of different matrix elements of operators of the current and of the
energy-momentum tensor, at the same time relating the latter quantities with
characteristics of the vacuum instability. For this purpose, a modified inner
product and a parameter {\tau} of the regularization are introduced. The latter
parameter can be fixed using physical considerations. In the Klein zone this
parameter can be interpreted as the time of the observation of the pair
production effect. In the refined formulation of QED with x-steps, we succeeded
to consider the backreaction problem. In the case of an uniform electric field
E confined between two capacitor plates separated by a finite distance L, we
see that the smallness of the backreaction implies a restriction (the
consistency condition) on the product EL from above.Comment: 33 pages, version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.
Vacuum instability in slowly varying electric fields
Nonperturbative methods have been well-developed for QED with the so-called
t-electric potential steps. In this case a calculation technique is based on
the existence of specific exact solutions (in and out solutions) of the Dirac
equation. However, there are only few cases when such solutions are known.
Here, we demonstrate that for t-electric potential steps slowly varying with
time there exist physically reasonable approximations that maintain the
nonperturbative character of QED calculations even in the absence of the exact
solutions. Defining the slowly varying regime in general terms, we can observe
a universal character of vacuum effects caused by a strong electric field. In
the present article, we find universal approximate representations for the
total density of created pairs and vacuum mean values of the current density
and energy-momentum tensor that hold true for arbitrary t-electric potential
steps slowly varying with time. These representations do not require knowledge
of the corresponding solutions of the Dirac equation, they have a form of
simple functionals of a given slowly varying electric field. We establish
relations of these representations with leading terms of the derivative
expansion approximation. These results allow one to formulate some
semiclassical approximations that are not restricted by the smallness of
differential mean numbers of created pairs.Comment: 37 pages, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. arXiv
admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1512.0128
One-loop energy-momentum tensor in QED with electric-like background
We have obtained nonperturbative one-loop expressions for the mean
energy-momentum tensor and current density of Dirac's field on a constant
electric-like background. One of the goals of this calculation is to give a
consistent description of back-reaction in such a theory. Two cases of initial
states are considered: the vacuum state and the thermal equilibrium state.
First, we perform calculations for the vacuum initial state. In the obtained
expressions, we separate the contributions due to particle creation and vacuum
polarization. The latter contributions are related to the Heisenberg-Euler
Lagrangian. Then, we study the case of the thermal initial state. Here, we
separate the contributions due to particle creation, vacuum polarization, and
the contributions due to the work of the external field on the particles at the
initial state. All these contributions are studied in detail, in different
regimes of weak and strong fields and low and high temperatures. The obtained
results allow us to establish restrictions on the electric field and its
duration under which QED with a strong constant electric field is consistent.
Under such restrictions, one can neglect the back-reaction of particles created
by the electric field. Some of the obtained results generalize the calculations
of Heisenberg-Euler for energy density to the case of arbitrary strong electric
fields.Comment: 35 pages; misprints in the sign in definitions (40)-(43), and (68)
corrected, results unchange
A statistical study of variations of internal gravity wave energy characteristics in meteor zone
Internal gravity wave (IGW) parameters obtained by the radiometer method have been considered by many other researchers. The results of the processing of regular radiometeor measurements taken during 1979 to 1980 in Obninsk (55.1 deg N, 36.6 deg E) are presented
Proper time and path integral representations for the commutation function
On the example of the quantized spinor field, interacting with arbitrary
external electromagnetic field, the commutation function is studied. It is
shown that a proper time representation is available in any dimensions. Using
it, all the light cone singularities of the function are found explicitly,
generalizing the Fock formula in four dimensions, and a path integral
representation is constructed.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX, uses pictex macro
Creation of Dirac neutrinos in a dense medium with time-dependent effective potential
We consider Dirac neutrinos interacting with background fermions in the frame
of the standard model. We demonstrate that a time-dependent effective potential
is quite possible in a protoneutron star (PNS) at certain stages of its
evolution. For the first time, we formulate a nonperturbative treatment of
neutrino processes in a matter with arbitrary time-dependent effective
potential. Using linearly growing effective potential, we study the typical
case of a slowly varying matter interaction potential. We calculate
differential mean numbers of pairs created from the vacuum by
this potential and find that they crucially depend on the magnitude of masses
of the lightest neutrino eigenstate. These distributions uniformly span up to
eV energies for muon and tau neutrinos created in PNS core due to the
compression just before the hydrodynamic bounce and up to eV
energies for all three active neutrino flavors created in the neutronization.
Considering different stages of the PNS evolution, we derive constraints on
neutrino masses, eV corresponding to the
nonvanishing pairs flux produced by this mechanism. We show
that one can distinguish such coherent flux from chaotic fluxes of any other
origin. Part of these neutrinos, depending on the flavor and helicity, are
bounded in the PNS, while antineutrinos of any flavor escape the PNS. If the
created pairs are , then a part of the corresponding
neutrinos also escape the PNS. The detection of and with
such low energies is beyond current experimental techniques.Comment: 18 pages, Revtex4.1, 1 eps figure, 2 columns; minimal changes,
version to be published in Phys. Rev.
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