Tendencias del complejo jurídico-penal en relación a la consolidación legislativa de la categoría de contraversión

The study aims to consider scientific opinions on the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing the misdemeanor category into the Russian criminal-legal complex and conduct a comparative legal analysis within the framework of foreign legislation and a historical retrospective. The authors use the comparative-legal, historical-legal, and statistical methods, as well as the method of systemic analysis. The article studies the issues relevant to criminal and criminal procedure law and related to the legislative consolidation of misdemeanors. Over the past few decades, the main vector of developing and improving modern criminal justice policy has been a course towards the liberalization of criminal liability, which includes discussions on the further decriminalization of certain types of crimes and mitigation of criminal sanctions for some unlawful acts. A key task of modern criminal law is the urgent problem associated with the possibility of reintroducing the misdemeanor category into Russian criminal legislation. The division of criminal acts into misdemeanors and crimes fully corresponds to objective conditions and modern needs. There are several approaches to consolidating the misdemeanor category into Russian criminal legislation. The first approach is to adopt a new Code of Misdemeanor Offenses and the second approach is to include the relevant section into the existing Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.sobre la viabilidad de la introducción de la categoría de contraversión en el ordenamiento jurídico penal ruso, así como realizar un análisis jurídico comparativo en el marco de la legislación extranjera y de la retrospectiva histórica. Los autores utilizan los métodos comparativo-jurídico, histórico-jurídico y estadístico, así como el método de análisis sistémico. El artículo estudia las cuestiones pertinentes al derecho penal y procesal penal y las relacionadas con la consolidación legislativa de la contraversión. En las últimas tres décadas, el principal vector del desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de la política moderna de justicia penal ha conducido a la liberalización de la responsabilidad penal, que incluye debates sobre la ulterior despenalización de ciertos tipos de delitos y la mitigación de las sanciones penales por algunos actos ilícitos. Una tarea clave del derecho penal moderno es el problema urgente asociado con la posibilidad de reintroducir la categoría de contraversión en la legislación penal rusa. La división de los actos delictivos en contraversión y delitos responde plenamente a las condiciones objetivas y a las necesidades modernas. Hay varios enfoques sobre la consolidación de la categoría de contraversión en la legislación penal rusa. El primer enfoque se trata de adoptar un nuevo Código de Contraversiones y el segundo enfoque está a favor de incluir la sección pertinente en el Código Penal vigente de la Federación de Rusia

Alteration of court charges: ways of legislative solution of the problem

The article deals with the issues relevant for the criminal proceedings of Russia, connected with the practical need of legislative consolidation of procedural rules fixed in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation (CCP RF) that provide a possibility for the court to alter charges brought by preliminary investigation bodies. The current procedural rules, to change accusation for a graver verdict, establish the procedure enshrined in Article 237 of the CCP RF, according to which the court must return a criminal case to the prosecutor, while the latter has to return the same to the investigator (interrogating officer). This practice in fact returns the law enforcer to the provisions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Code of Criminal Procedure that maintained the existence of the institute of supplementary investigation; the court annually returned from 40 to 55 thousand cases to investigators within the framework of this institute. Having set the goal to explore the problematic issues of amending a faulty accusation in court and finding an optimal legal mechanism for the court’s amending a charge towards its stiffening, the authors, using the methods of scientific knowledge – dialectical approach, comparative legal method, statistical and systemic analysis – analysed the scholarly views on the said problem and the practice of enforcing Article 237 of the CCP RF by Russian courts; made a comparative research of foreign laws governing the issues of alteration of court charges. The authors, on the basis of the research results, made a conclusion on the need to develop an efficient legislative procedure in terms of altering indictment towards a more serious verdict by the prosecution – directly at the court session, under supervision of the court and without returning a case for supplementary investigation

Alteration of court charges: ways of legislative solution of the problem

The article deals with the issues relevant for the criminal proceedings of Russia, connected with the practical need of legislative consolidation of procedural rules fixed in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation (CCP RF) that provide a possibility for the court to alter charges brought by preliminary investigation bodies. The current procedural rules, to change accusation for a graver verdict, establish the procedure enshrined in Article 237 of the CCP RF, according to which the court must return a criminal case to the prosecutor, while the latter has to return the same to the investigator (interrogating officer). This practice in fact returns the law enforcer to the provisions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Code of Criminal Procedure that maintained the existence of the institute of supplementary investigation; the court annually returned from 40 to 55 thousand cases to investigators within the framework of this institute. Having set the goal to explore the problematic issues of amending a faulty accusation in court and finding an optimal legal mechanism for the court’s amending a charge towards its stiffening, the authors, using the methods of scientific knowledge – dialectical approach, comparative legal method, statistical and systemic analysis – analysed the scholarly views on the said problem and the practice of enforcing Article 237 of the CCP RF by Russian courts; made a comparative research of foreign laws governing the issues of alteration of court charges. The authors, on the basis of the research results, made a conclusion on the need to develop an efficient legislative procedure in terms of altering indictment towards a more serious verdict by the prosecution – directly at the court session, under supervision of the court and without returning a case for supplementary investigation

Tendencias del complejo jurídico-penal en relación a la consolidación legislativa de la categoría de contraversión

The study aims to consider scientific opinions on the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing the misdemeanor category into the Russian criminal-legal complex and conduct a comparative legal analysis within the framework of foreign legislation and a historical retrospective. The authors use the comparative-legal, historical-legal, and statistical methods, as well as the method of systemic analysis. The article studies the issues relevant to criminal and criminal procedure law and related to the legislative consolidation of misdemeanors. Over the past few decades, the main vector of developing and improving modern criminal justice policy has been a course towards the liberalization of criminal liability, which includes discussions on the further decriminalization of certain types of crimes and mitigation of criminal sanctions for some unlawful acts. A key task of modern criminal law is the urgent problem associated with the possibility of reintroducing the misdemeanor category into Russian criminal legislation. The division of criminal acts into misdemeanors and crimes fully corresponds to objective conditions and modern needs. There are several approaches to consolidating the misdemeanor category into Russian criminal legislation. The first approach is to adopt a new Code of Misdemeanor Offenses and the second approach is to include the relevant section into the existing Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.sobre la viabilidad de la introducción de la categoría de contraversión en el ordenamiento jurídico penal ruso, así como realizar un análisis jurídico comparativo en el marco de la legislación extranjera y de la retrospectiva histórica. Los autores utilizan los métodos comparativo-jurídico, histórico-jurídico y estadístico, así como el método de análisis sistémico. El artículo estudia las cuestiones pertinentes al derecho penal y procesal penal y las relacionadas con la consolidación legislativa de la contraversión. En las últimas tres décadas, el principal vector del desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de la política moderna de justicia penal ha conducido a la liberalización de la responsabilidad penal, que incluye debates sobre la ulterior despenalización de ciertos tipos de delitos y la mitigación de las sanciones penales por algunos actos ilícitos. Una tarea clave del derecho penal moderno es el problema urgente asociado con la posibilidad de reintroducir la categoría de contraversión en la legislación penal rusa. La división de los actos delictivos en contraversión y delitos responde plenamente a las condiciones objetivas y a las necesidades modernas. Hay varios enfoques sobre la consolidación de la categoría de contraversión en la legislación penal rusa. El primer enfoque se trata de adoptar un nuevo Código de Contraversiones y el segundo enfoque está a favor de incluir la sección pertinente en el Código Penal vigente de la Federación de Rusia