30 research outputs found
Infrared Studies on Bimetallic Copper/Nickel Catalysts Supported on Zirconia and Ceria/Zirconia
Surface Spectroscopy on UHV-Grown and Technological Ni–ZrO2 Reforming Catalysts: From UHV to Operando Conditions
Gains and losses during anticoagulation treatment in patients with mechanical heart valves [3]
One-pot synthesis of optically active tetramic acids from amino acids mediated by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of optically active N-acetyl butenoates and N-acetyl-2-alkyl-pyrrolin-4-ones
One-pot synthesis of chiral N-protected-4-amino functionalized but-2-enoates from α-amino acids mediated by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of 5-arylidene-3-substituted tetramic acids as possible substrates for catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation
Cationic diamineplatinum(II) complexes containing the enolate of N,3-acetyl-4-hydroxypyrrolin-2-one
Novel 'quinolone' metal complexes: Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of Mg(II), Zn(II) and Ba(II) complexes with N-methyl (or NH)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy quinolin-2-one ligands
Influence of exercise duration on respiratory function and systemic immunity among healthy, endurance-trained participants exercising in sub-zero conditions
Background: Strenuous endurance exercise in sub-zero temperatures can cause airway damage that may lead to EIB. Prolonged exercise can also elicit greater immune perturbations than short-duration exercise. However, the influence of exercise duration on lung function and systemic immunity in sub-zero temperatures has not been established. Additionally, it is currently unknown whether atopic disposition, which is risk factor for EIB, influences respiratory responses in a sub-zero climate. The aim of this study was to compare respiratory and systemic immune responses to two cold air running trials of short and long duration, as well as to examine whether the responses differed between atopic and non-atopic subjects. Methods: Eighteen healthy, endurance-trained subjects (males/females: 14/4; age: 29.4 ± 5.9 years old; BMI: 23.1 ± 1.7; atopic/non-atopic: 10/8) completed two moderate-intensity climate chamber running trials at − 15 °C, lasting 30 and 90 min, in a randomized, cross-over design. Lung function (spirometry and impulse oscillometry), serum CC16, respiratory symptoms, and blood leukocyte counts were examined before and after the trials. Results: Lung function was not significantly affected by exercise or exercise duration. CC16 concentration increased after both trials (p = 0.027), but the response did not differ between trials. Respiratory symptom intensity was similar after each trial. There was a greater increase in neutrophils (p < 0.001), and a decrease in eosinophils (p < 0.001) after the 90-min bout. The 90-min protocol increased X5 compared to the 30-min protocol only in atopic subjects (p = 0.015) while atopy increased lower airway symptoms immediately after the 90-min session (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a 90-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise at − 15 °C does not cause substantial lung function decrements, airway epithelial damage or respiratory symptoms compared to 30 min running in the same environment, despite a heightened redistribution of white blood cells. However, exercise at − 15 °C may cause airway injury and evoke respiratory symptoms, even at moderate intensity. Atopic status may lead to greater peripheral bronchodilation and higher frequency of respiratory symptoms after long-duration exercise in cold. Trial registration: 01/02/2022 ISRCTN13977758. This trial was retrospectively registered upon submission to satisfy journal guidelines. The authors had not initially registered the study, as the intervention was considered to be a controlled simulation of exercise in a naturally occurring environment (i.e. sub-zero air) for healthy volunteers