Hábitos parafuncionales como factor etiológico en pacientes con discrepancias hueso-diente según la clasificación de Angle

Introduction: habits modify dental position and the relationship between them, as they interfere with normal growth and the function of the orofacial musculature, causing a notorious imbalance that often leads to dentomaxillofacial anomalies.Objective: to determine the relationship between parafunctional habits and patients with osseo-dental discrepancies according to Angle's classification.Methods: a qualitative, descriptive, documentary, literature review study was carried out based on published articles on deforming oral habits. Primary, secondary and classic sources in dental science were used through articles, certified information, websites such as Pubmed, Scielo, Elsevier, Redalyc, Springer, Google Scholar, UG repository in which information was obtained on the etiological factor, causes, characteristics of oral habits and their incidence in dental malocclusion and dentofacial development.Results: the results of this research show the importance of the study of parafunctional habits, which are the main cause of dental malocclusions among the most frequent non-physiological oral habits are mouth breathing, onychophagia, lip suction, digital suction, pacifier use, among others, since there is a close relationship between malocclusions and the type of habit, which will depend on the intensity.Conclusions: according to the research carried out, it is recommended that the patient should see a dentist from an early age in order to avoid this type of habits. Early precautions should be taken with visits to the dentist once or twice a year to check the state of the oral cavity.Introducción: los hábitos parafuncionales modifican la posición dental y la relación que guardan entre sí, ya que interfieren en el crecimiento normal y en la función de la musculatura orofacial, provocan un desequilibrio notorio por lo que suelen presentar anomalías dentomaxilofaciales.Objetivo: determinar la relación entre los hábitos parafuncionales y pacientes con discrepancias óseo-dentarias según la clasificación de Angle.Métodos: se efectuó un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, documental de revisión bibliográfica en base a artículos publicados sobre hábitos orales deformantes. Se utilizaron las fuentes primarias, secundarias y clásicos en la ciencia odontológica a través de artículos, información certificada, sitios web como Pubmed, Scielo, Elsevier, Redalyc, Springer, Google académico, repositorio UG en las que se obtuvo información sobre el factor etiológico, causas, características de los hábitos orales y su incidencia en la maloclusión dentaria y el desarrollo dentofacial.Resultados: los resultados arrojados en esta investigación evidencian la importancia del estudio de los hábitos parafuncionales, los cuales constituyen causa principal de las maloclusiones dentarias entre los hábitos orales no fisiológicos más frecuentes son respiración bucal, onicofagia, succión labial, succión digital, uso de chupete entre otros ya que existe una estrecha relación entre las maloclusiones y el tipo de habito, lo que va a depender de la intensidad.Conclusiones: acorde con la investigación realizada se recomienda que el paciente acuda al odontólogo desde edad temprana, y poder evitar este tipo de hábitos. Tomar precauciones tempranas con vistas al odontólogo uno o dos veces al año para revisar el estado de la cavidad bucal

Status of dental prostheses in older adults of the Ciudad Verde urbanization, Santo Domingo, Ecuador

Introducción: la rehabilitación protésica no es solo el mero reposicionamiento de los dientes, sino también la integración de la familia y la sociedad, capacitando al anciano para crear alimentos ideales, evitando la pérdida de los dientes.Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes portadores de prótesis parcial fija (PPF) en edad avanzada y el estado de sus prótesis dentales, período enero-diciembre de 2021, universidad UNIANDES.Métodos: se diseñó un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal que abordó las características de pacientes portadores de prótesis parcial fija (PPF) y el estado de sus prótesis dentales, en el período enero-diciembre de 2021, atendidos en la universidad UNIANDES. El universo estuvo conformado por 250 pacientes, la muestra por 196 pacientes, estructurada a partir de los criterios de inclusión, exclusión y un muestreo. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Para el análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado fueron utilizadas las pruebas estadísticas: t de Student, Chi cuadrado de Pearson y prueba exacta de Fisher.Resultados: el análisis descriptivo univariado mostró que, del total de pilares de prótesis fijas, el 63,2 % fueron coronas individuales y 36,8 % pilares de puentes. Según su ubicación: 26 % de PPF estuvieron en la zona anterosuperior, 45,2 % en posterosuperior, 28 % posteroinferior y 0,8 % anteroinferior. Según el estado gingival se encontró: gingivitis leve en el 45,1%, moderada en el 51,6 % y severa en el 3,2 %. Respecto a retención de placa, se encontró: presencia de placa 49,6 % y ausencia de placa 50,4 %. Se encontró ausencia de movilidad en el 90,3 % de los casos y presencia de movilidad en sólo el 9,7 %.Conclusiones: el tejido dentario perdido debe ser sustituido con un material biocompatible con los tejidos gingivales, que no permita la formación de placa y que no contribuya a la inflamación gingival.Introduction: prosthetic rehabilitation is not only the mere repositioning of teeth, but also the integration of the family and society, enabling the elderly to create ideal foods, avoiding the loss of teeth.Objective: to characterize patients with fixed partial dentures (FPP) in advanced age and the state of their dental prostheses, period January-December 2021, UNIANDES university.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed to study the characteristics of patients with fixed partial dentures (FPP) and the state of their dental prostheses, in the period January-December 2021, attended at the UNIANDES university. The universe consisted of 250 patients, the sample consisted of 196 patients, structured on the basis of inclusion, exclusion and sampling criteria. The data were obtained from the patients' medical records. For the univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis, the following statistical tests were used: Student's t-test, Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact test.Results: the univariate descriptive analysis showed that, of the total number of fixed prosthesis abutments, 63,2 % were single crowns and 36,8 % were bridge abutments. According to their location: 26 % of PPF were in the anterosuperior zone, 45,2 % in    the posterosuperior zone, 28 % posteroinferior and 0,8 % anteroinferior. According to gingival status, mild gingivitis was found in 45,1%, moderate gingivitis in 51,6 % and severe gingivitis in 3,2 %. Regarding plaque retention, we found: presence of plaque 49,6 % and absence of plaque 50,4 %. Absence of mobility was found in 90,3 % of the cases and presence of mobility in only 9,7 %.Conclusions: The lost dental tissue should be replaced with a material that is biocompatible with the gingival tissues, does not allow plaque formation and does not contribute to gingival inflammation

Dental management of the geriatric patient with Alzheimer's in Santo Domingo. Ecuador

Introduction: a great objective of today's society is to increase the quality of dental management of the geriatric patient. However, the increase in longevity has economic, employment, demographic and health consequences that must be planned in social policy. Objective: to describe the dental and oral changes typical of aging as a result of physiological variations in the geriatric population. Method: a descriptive observational study was carried out; cross-sectional study in a nursing home Fundación Amigos de la tercera edad belonging to the state of Santo Domingo, country of Ecuador in the year 2022. The universe was made up of 20 geriatric patients, the following variables were used: frequency of medical check-ups, diet, physical activity, family visits and employee training. Results: not all geriatric patients are responsible for direct feeding to the elderly, but 16 geriatric patients for 80% are fed, the personnel dedicated to the care of the elderly indicate the evidence and reports of the activities that are carried out with older adults, 95% if they do it frequently, continuously, with efficiency and effectiveness for the effect. Conclusions: older adults are taken according to their needs, not all are responsible for their direct food

El TRABAJO AUTÓNOMO COMO PROCESO DOCENTE DIRIGIDO A LA FORMACIÓN DE LA INDEPENDENCIA DEL ESTUDIANTE

La preparación de los jóvenes hacia el futuro, exige a la escuela contemporánea la correcta proyección del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, indispensable para el desarrollo de la actividad creadora en los estudiantes. Esta habilidad se desarrolla en la acción, la comunicación y de manera especial en su auto actividad consciente. Las necesidades del desarrollo profesional competente en los estudiantes universitarios, asociadas a las dinámicas actuales que signan una sociedad reconocida como de la información y las comunicaciones, se reconstruyen constantemente desde los saberes académicos que aportan las universidades y los saberes contextuales que se dinamizan en las redes comunicacionales y otros espacios socioculturales que generan construcciones novedosas de los significados y sentidos que adquiere el graduado universitario hoy. Al desarrollo de la autoformación está dedicado este material que a modo de disquisición epistemológica se elabora para el desarrollo de la cultura pedagógica de los docentes de UNIANDES-Santo Domingo. Se profundiza en los intersticios de la formación desde la enseñanza aprendizaje, el trabajo independiente y la tarea docente como lógica de empoderamiento capaz de conformar axiológicamente nuevos actores para la sociedad y sus necesidades.PALABRAS CLAVE: método; enseñanza; aprendizaje; trabajo independiente; tarea docente.THE AUTONOMOUS WORK AS A TEACHING PROCESS AIMED TO THE TRAINING OF STUDENT INDEPENDENCEABSTRACTTo prepare young people for the future, the contemporary school requires accurate projection of the teaching-learning process, which is essential for the development of creativity in students. This ability develops in action, communication and especially in the students’ self-conscious activity. Needs for competent professional development in college students associated with the current dynamics that mark a society known as that of information and communications, are constantly reconstructed from academic universities that provide knowledge and contextual knowledge that are revitalized in communication networks and other socio-cultural spaces that generate novel constructions of meanings and senses which are acquired by college graduate today. To the development of self-training is dedicated this material that as an epistemological digression is made to develop the pedagogical culture of UNIANDES Santo Domingo teachers. It is deepened the interstices of the formation from teaching and learning, independent work and the teaching task as a logical empowering able to form axiological new stakeholders for society and its needs.KEYWORDS: method; teaching; learning; independent work; teaching task

Patient satisfaction from the perspective of the ethical-professional values in the dentist-patient relationship

Introduction: professional ethics allows for characterization of the human behavior from an affirmative or negative perspective in which the ethical and social values make possible a more effective relationship among dentists and their professional environment. Objective: to identify the level of satisfaction in patients treated in both dental offices, "Centro Odontológico Integral" manages by Dr. Guillermo Méndez and "Design Dental" manages by Dr. Freddy Santillán, in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with the use of a questionnaire to 44 patients of these dental offices; the variables analyzed were as follow: interpersonal relationship satisfaction, patient satisfaction with quality of care, evaluation scale on dental care and ideal waiting time in the office after receiving dental treatment. Results: the 89% of respondents perceived a friendly and favorable relationship with dentists. Concerning patients’ satisfaction on quality of care, 41% considered that they had created an interpersonal relationship with their dentist, but the other 59% expressed the opposite. As for the evaluation of dental care, 64% gave it a maximum of 10 points. Twenty-five percent of the patients agreed that the ideal waiting time for consultation should be 20 minutes and another high percentage, 48%, considered that the ideal waiting time should be 30 minutes. Conclusions: more than half of patients reported that they were satisfied with the treatment provided by dentists

Estudio descriptivo sobre influencia de padres en procesos bucodentales en estudiantes de básica media

Introducción: La salud bucal es primordial ya que tiene implicancias en la salud general y en el bienestar del individuo. En el caso de los niños, adquiere especial relevancia, por la repercusión que tiene en él como niño, y en el día de mañana como adulto porque puede tener consecuencias en la formación de su personalidad. Objetivo: identificar factores relacionados a la participación de los padres en el tratamiento odontológico en pacientes de edad básica media en la Unidad Educativa Eloy Alfaro. Resultados: se observa que 16 estudiantes para un 64 % ha recibido una educación bucal antes de los 5 años, 13 estudiantes para un 52 % a veces es obligado a cepillarse los dientes, 17 estudiantes para un 68 % acude una vez al año a consulta odontológica. Conclusiones: en los estudiantes de básica media se manifestó más el miedo al tratamiento odontológico moderado, con una tendencia a temer más a la asfixia, donde los padres desde una edad temprana toman medida para explicar la higiene bucal a sus hijos, sin embargo, no se muestra un seguimiento continuo por parte de los padres a estos niños en función de mejorar sus hábitos higiénicos dentales

Pulp involvement in deciduous teeth in pediatric patients under ten years of age

Introduction: Current dentistry prioritizes preventive measures as an effective way of reducing the main diseases that affect the oral cavity. Any alteration of the dentin-pulp complex, if not treated, can act as an irritant and trigger a pulp inflammatory process.  Objective: to determine the main causes and treatment of dental pulp disorders in patients under ten years of age. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational research was carried out. The universe consisted of 30 pediatric patients, working with all of them. Individual non-digitized medical records were used to obtain the information. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis by calculating absolute and relative percentage frequencies. The ethical standards set forth in the II Declaration of Helsinki were respected. Results: it was found that 60 % of them were caused by dental caries, followed by iatrogenic medical causes (27 %) and trauma with 13 % of the total sample. Regarding the treatment carried out before the pulp affection, it was observed that 42 % of the patients underwent exodontia, followed by pulpotomy (32 %) and pulpectomy (26 %) respectively. Conclusions: It is concluded that the main cause of dental pulp affections are caries and the main treatment used in these cases is exodontia; therefore, it is necessary to strengthen preventive measures to raise awareness about the care of teeth and oral hygiene

Descriptive study on the influence of parents on oral processes in middle school students

Introduction: Oral health is essential since it has implications for the general health and well-being of the individual. In the case of children, it acquires special relevance, due to the impact it has on them as a child, and tomorrow as an adult because it can have consequences on the formation of their personality. Objective: identify factors related to the participation of parents in dental treatment in patients of middle elementary age at the Eloy Alfaro Educational Unit. Results: it is observed that 16 students for 64% have received oral education before the age of 5, 13 students for 52% are sometimes forced to brush their teeth, 17 students for 68% go once a year for consultation dental. Conclusions: in middle school students, the fear of moderate dental treatment was manifested more, with a tendency to fear more suffocation, where parents from an early age take action to explain oral hygiene to their children, however, they do not continuous follow-up by the parents of these children is shown in order to improve their dental hygiene habits

Exploration of the Perception of Morphofunction Learning in Students of Dentistry at the Universidad Regional Autónoma De Los Andes, Campus Santo Domingo, Ecuador

In the year 2022, after a period of virtual learning, facing the return to the classroom represents a challenge for both teachers and students. Several factors play a crucial role during lessons, especially in the subject of morphofunction, which is fundamental for future dentists. In this context, it is essential to use didactic resources that promote a solid theoretical basis. The laboratory plays a transforming and enriching role, turning anatomical concepts into something palpable, tangible, visible and experiential. Through the application of playful activities on anatomical models and the use of simulation software, the educational objectives are effectively achieved. An opinion survey was carried out among all the first semester students of the Dentistry course at the Universidad de los Andes (UNIANDES), with the purpose of evaluating the preferences regarding the didactic resources used for learning morphofunction. This research will allow obtaining valuable information about the preferences and needs of students, which will facilitate the adaptation of educational strategies and promote meaningful learning in the subject of morphofunction

Breastfeeding and influence of maxillary development in infants from 0 to 5 years old

Introducción: el amamantamiento posibilita un aumento y desarrollo conveniente del artefacto bucal, estimula favorablemente la acción muscular por medio del trabajo mecánico que desempeña el recién nacido para succionar y deglutir la lecheObjetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la importancia de la lactancia materna para el normal desarrollo de los maxilares en niños de cero a cinco años, parroquia San Jacinto del Búa, Santo Domingo, Ecuador.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal para determinar el nivel de conocimiento de madres con niños en período de lactancia sobre la importancia de esta para el normal desarrollo de los maxilares. El universo estuvo constituido por 36 madres, la muestra por 20, obtenida mediante muestreo aleatorio simple según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Para la obtención de los datos se confeccionó una encuesta, las variables y la información recopilada fueron descritas estadísticamente mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas porcentuales.Resultados: se pudo determinar que un 63 % de una población de 20 madres oscila entre un rango de edad de 31 a 52 años de edad y el otro 37 % se encuentra entre un rango de 19 a 30 años. Se puede observar que un 57 % de los niños tiene un rango de edad de cero a un año, el 23 % correspondió a los niños de uno a dos años y el resto de la muestra quedó representada por niños con edades de tres años en adelante. El 61 % de las madres que conocían solamente los beneficios sobre la deglución y en menor medida el resto conocía sobre la masticación 15 %, la estética y la fonación dejando para un 18 % las madres que solo veían la lactancia con función nutritivaConclusiones: la lactancia aumenta los estímulos mandibulares y mantiene el ciclo fisiológico de la respiración nasal porque tiene el ajuste perfecto para permitir que el bebé respire por la nariz mientras inhala y traga rítmicamente sin soltar el pezón.Introduction: breastfeeding makes possible an increase and convenient development of the oral artifact, favorably stimulates muscular action through the mechanical work performed by the newborn to suck and swallow milk.Objective: to determine the level of knowledge on the importance of breastfeeding for the normal development of the jaws in children from zero to five years of age, San Jacinto del Búa parish, Santo Domingo, Ecuador.Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out to determine the level of knowledge of mothers with breastfeeding children about the importance of breastfeeding for the normal development of the jaws. The universe was constituted by 36 mothers, the sample by 20, obtained by simple random sampling according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In order to obtain the data, a survey was made, the variables and the information collected were statistically described by means of absolute and relative percentage frequencies.Results: it was possible to determine that 63 % of the population of 20 mothers ranged between 31 and 52 years of age and the other 37 % were between 19 and 30 years of age. It can be observed that 57 % of the children had an age range of zero to one year, 23 % corresponded to children from one to two years of age and the rest of the sample was represented by children aged three years and older. Sixty-one percent of the mothers knew only the benefits on swallowing and to a lesser extent the rest knew about chewing 15 %, esthetics and phonation, leaving 18 % of the mothers who only saw breastfeeding as having a nutritional function.Conclusions: breastfeeding increases mandibular stimuli and maintains the physiological cycle of nasal breathing because it has the perfect setting to allow the baby to breathe through the nose while inhaling and swallowing rhythmically without releasing the nipple