38 research outputs found
'Collective Making' as knowledge mobilisation: the contribution of participatory design in the co-creation of knowledge in healthcare
The discourse in healthcare Knowledge Mobilisation (KMb) literature has shifted from simple, linear
models of research knowledge production and action to more iterative and complex models. These
aim to blend multiple stakeholders’ knowledge with research knowledge to address the researchpractice
gap. It has been suggested there is no 'magic bullet', but that a promising approach to take is
knowledge co-creation in healthcare, particularly if a number of principles are applied. These include
systems thinking, positioning research as a creative enterprise with human experience at its core, and
paying attention to process within the partnership. This discussion paper builds on this proposition
and extends it beyond knowledge co-creation to co-designing evidenced based interventions and
implementing them. Within a co-design model, we offer a specific approach to share, mobilise and
activate knowledge, that we have termed 'collective making'. We draw on KMb, design, wider
literature, and our experiences to describe how this framework supports and extends the principles of
co-creation offered by Geenhalgh et al[1] in the context of the state of the art of knowledge
mobilisation. We describe how collective making creates the right ‘conditions’ for knowledge to be
mobilised particularly addressing issues relating to stakeholder relationships, helps to discover, share
and blend different forms of knowledge from different stakeholders, and puts this blended
knowledge to practical use allowing stakeholders to learn about the practical implications of
knowledge use and to collectively create actionable products. We suggest this collective making has
three domains of influence: on the participants; on the knowledge discovered and shared; and on the
mobilisation or activation of this knowledge
When Ears Drive Hands: The Influence of Contact Sound on Reaching to Grasp
Background
Most research on the roles of auditory information and its interaction with vision has focused on perceptual performance. Little is known on the effects of sound cues on visually-guided hand movements.
Methodology/Principal Findings
We recorded the sound produced by the fingers upon contact as participants grasped stimulus objects which were covered with different materials. Then, in a further session the pre-recorded contact sounds were delivered to participants via headphones before or following the initiation of reach-to-grasp movements towards the stimulus objects. Reach-to-grasp movement kinematics were measured under the following conditions: (i) congruent, in which the presented contact sound and the contact sound elicited by the to-be-grasped stimulus corresponded; (ii) incongruent, in which the presented contact sound was different to that generated by the stimulus upon contact; (iii) control, in which a synthetic sound, not associated with a real event, was presented. Facilitation effects were found for congruent trials; interference effects were found for incongruent trials. In a second experiment, the upper and the lower parts of the stimulus were covered with different materials. The presented sound was always congruent with the material covering either the upper or the lower half of the stimulus. Participants consistently placed their fingers on the half of the stimulus that corresponded to the presented contact sound.
Conclusions/Significance
Altogether these findings offer a substantial contribution to the current debate about the type of object representations elicited by auditory stimuli and on the multisensory nature of the sensorimotor transformations underlying action
Effect of clay nanoparticles on model lung surfactant: a potential marker of hazard from nanoaerosol inhalation
Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on the new platinum complex, zeniplatin (CL 286, 558)
0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Perceived urgency and the anaesthetist: responses to common operating room monitor alarms
CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS OF CARBOPLATIN IN CHILDREN
The present study was undertaken to evaluate in children the plasma
pharmacokinetics of free carboplatin given at different doses and
schedules and to evaluate the inter- and intrapatient variability and
the possible influence of schedule on drug exposure. A total of 35
children (age range, 1-17 years) with malignant tumors were studied. All
patients had normal renal function (creatinine clearance corrected for
surface body area, above 70 ml min(-1) m(-2); range, 71-151 ml min(-1)
m(-2)) and none had renal involvement by malignancy. Carboplatin was
given at the following doses and schedules: 175, 400, 500, and 600 mg/
m(2) given as a l-h infusion; 1,200 mg/m(2) divided into equal doses and
infused over 1 h on 2 consecutive days; and 875 and 1,200 mg/m(2) given
as a 5-day continuous infusion. A total of 57 courses were studied.
Carboplatin levels in plasma ultrafiltrate (UF) samples were measured
both by high-performance liquid chromatography and by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry. Following a 1-h infusion, carboplatin free plasma
levels decayed biphasically; the disappearance half-lives, total body
clearance, and apparent volume of distribution were similar for
different doses. In children with normal renal function as defined by
creatinemia and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine clearance, we
found at each dose studied a limited interpatient variability of the
peak plasma concentration (C-max) and the area under the
concentration-time curve (AUC) and a linear correlation between the dose
and both C-max (r = 0.95) and AUC (r = 0.97). The mean value +/- SD for
the dose-normalized AUC was 13+/-2 min m(2) 1(-1) (n = 57). The
administration schedule does not seem to influence drug exposure, since
prolonged i.v. infusion or bolus administration of 1,200 mg/m(2)
achieved a similar AUC (13.78+/-2.90 and 15.05+/-1.44 mg ml(-1) min,
respectively). In the nine children studied during subsequent courses a
limited interpatient variability was observed and no correlation (r =
0.035) was found between AUC and subsequent courses by a multivariate
analysis of dose, AUC, and course number. The pharmacokinetic parameters
were similar to those previously reported in adults; however, a weak
correlation (r = 0.52, P = 0.03) between carboplatin total body
clearance and creatinine clearance varying within the normal range was
observed. A dosing formula appears unnecessary in children with normal
renal function since a generally well-predictable free carboplatin AUC
is achieved following a given dose