Formulación y evaluación de vesículas de liposomas de baclofeno usando lecitina

I express my sincere regards and respect to RIC and Pharmaceutical Sciences of IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, for their support and kind cooperationIntroducción: El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue preparar y caracterizar la formulación liposomal de baclofeno para mejorar la efectividad de la formulación aplicada tópicamente. Método: Para la preparación de liposomas, se tomaron diferentes proporciones de lecitina, colesterol y etanol, pero la proporción de fármaco y ácido esteárico se mantuvo constante y se preparó mediante el método de inyección de etanol. Los liposomas se caracterizaron por tamaño de vesícula, forma de vesícula, eficacia de atrapamiento, estudios in vitro, estudios de estabilidad y estudios in vivo. Resultados: El tamaño promedio de partícula del liposoma formulado estuvo en el rango de 3.98 ± 0,45-4,24 ± 0,65 µm y se observaron pequeñas vesículas unilamelares con forma esférica. La eficiencia de atrapamiento de la formulación optimizada fue de 58,67 ± 0,81%. El % máximo de comportamientos acumulativos de liberación de drogas fue 67,66 ± 5,32% después de 10 h. la formulación almacenada a una temperatura de 4 ± 2 ° C muestra una mejor estabilidad (64,19±0,26) en comparación con la temperatura elevada. Se usaron ratones albinos suizos para el estudio in vivo y exhiben actividad relajante muscular en términos de no. de caídas del aparato de varilla giratoria (valor p = 0,001). Conclusiones: la formulación liposomal cargada de baclofeno ha mostrado actividad relajante del músculo esquelético en ratones, lo que sugiere la administración de baclofeno desde los liposomas en el rango terapéutico.Introduction: The main aim of present study was to prepare and characterize liposomal formulation of baclofen to improve the effectiveness of the topically applied formulation. Method: For the preparation of liposomes, different ratio of lecithin, cholesterol and ethanol were taken but ratio of drug and stearic acid were kept constant and prepared by ethanol injection method. Liposomes were characterized for vesicle size, vesicle shape, entrapment efficiency, in vitro studies, stability studies and in vivo studies. Results: The average particle size of formulated liposome was in the range of 3.98±0.45-4.24±0.65 µm and small unilamellar vesicles with spherical in shape observed. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was 58.67±0.81 %. The maximum % cumulative drug release behaviours were 67.66±5.32 % after 10 h. formulation stored in 4±2 °C temperature shows better stability (64.19±0.26) compared to elevated temperature. Swiss albino mice were used for the in vivo study and exhibit muscle relaxant activity in terms of no. of falls from rota rod apparatus (p value =0.001). Conclusions: Baclofen loaded liposomal formulation have shown skeletal muscle relaxant activity in mice suggesting delivery of baclofen from liposomes in the therapeutic range

WOUND CARE BEHAVIOR AMONG THE POPULATION-A SURVEY

Objective: Wound care behavior among the population. Methods: An observational survey was conducted randomly among different college students and the general population of all age groups having different professions. Survey questionnaires were prepared on google form and responses were collected by online mode. The form was designed to know the self-medication behavior among the population. Results: The total number of participants was 332. Out of which female participants were dominated 174(52.4%) and male participants were 158(47.59%). The survey revealed that 58.73% of participants took doctor’s advice, 33.73% took self-medication, 4.22% took healthcare worker advice and, 3.31% took any other advice for treatment. Conclusion: The survey revealed that although most of the population took doctor’s advice for the treatment of wounds but yet there is a significant population (33.73%) who took self-medication for this treatment, which should be minimized by providing awareness among them. Most of the wounds were healed within 10 d. Most of the population took medication (analgesic, antibiotic) for treatment. The use of antibiotics by self-medication is a matter of concern nowadays. As a global threat is antibiotic resistance. These drugs should be prescribed under medical supervision

A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Delivery systems with a pulsatile-release method are particularly involved in designing medicines for which traditional managed drug-release systems with the continuous release are not suitable. This medication also has a high first-pass impact or special conditions for chrono-pharmacology. These medications also have a high first-pass or unique chronopharmacological effect. The pulsatile release profile is characterised by a duration of no release (lag time) followed by a fast and full release of the drug. Pulsatile drug delivery systems may be classified into site-specific systems in which the drug is released inside the gastrointestinal system (e. g. colon) or time-controlled devices wherein the drug is released after a well-defined time period. Site-regulated release is typically controlled by environmental factors, such as pH or enzymes found in the intestinal tract, whereas drug release from time-controlled processes is controlled mainly by the delivery system and, preferably, not by the environment. This review covers various single-and multiple-unit oral pulsatile drug-delivery systems with an emphasis on time-controlled drug-release systems

CONTRIBUTION OF PHARMACIST FOR TRANSFORMING GLOBAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: ROLES AND OPPURTUNITIES

Fifty years ago, the essential job of drug specialists has only been to apportion solutions. Giving clinical drug store administrations at the medical clinics' wards spoke to the development of the calling. Be that as it may, the social insurance framework, around the world, is persistently creating. Today, the drug specialist's unmistakable new jobs have emphatically added to human services and society around the world. Drug specialists are presently accepting more prominent accountability for patients' wellbeing status and advancing the results of medication use. They give human services counsel and oversee interminable ailments. Different orders of social insurance where particular drug specialists are utilized to incorporate oncology offices, irresistible sickness control, general wellbeing, medicate data, toxicology and toxic substance control, atomic medication, and sustenance support. In any case, a fitting determination, instruction, preparing and workforce arranging to speak to an essential for the cutting edge drug store jobs. Specific instruction programs are required. New drug specialists should be appropriately qualified. By and by, rehearsing drug specialists need to adjust the essential information and required aptitudes, therefore, they can build up their training and jobs to address evolving issues

CASSIA FISTULA: BOTANY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL LEVERAGES-A REVIEW

Cassia fistula Linn. is also called a “golden shower”. It is aboriginal to India, Sri Lanka and diffused in various countries, including Mexico, China, Mauritius, East Africa, South Africa, and West Indies. Plant and its parts, such as bark, fruit, leaves, and seeds, are used traditionally to cure diseases. Traditionally the plant possesses hepatoprotective, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, leukotriene inhibition, antitussive activity, antioxidant, wound healing, hypo-lipidemia, anticancer, antidiabetic, central nervous system activity, antiulcer, antibacterial, antifertility, larvicidal and ovicidal, antifeedant, laxative, anti-epileptic, antimicrobial, urease inhibition, antifungal, anti-tobacco mosaic virus activities. The review contains botanical information, constituents and pharmacological leverages of the plant. The review draws attention towards the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge accessible on Cassia fistula Linn, which would be beneficial for research scholars to develop novel chemical entities. This review article is written after studying most of the journal’s articles, which were published between 1998 to 2019

ROLE OF MICROSPHERES IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: PREPARATION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

Microsphere based drug delivery system has gained substantial attention in the modern era. Microspheres are normally free-flowing powders that can be made with both natural and synthetic polymers. The sizes of the microspheres ranges from 1 to 1000 µm. Microspheres are matrix systems in which the drug is uniformly dispersed, dissolved or suspended. Microspheres contain solid or liquid drug dissolved or dispersed in a matrix system. The current review provides an inclusive outline of up to date and novel developments on formations of microspheres which have been reported to increase bioavailability, improves stability, enhances biological half-life and reduces the toxicity of the drug. Microsphere provides efficient delivery of various proteins and peptide molecules. There are different types of microspheres such as bio adhesive microsphere, magnetic microsphere, floating microsphere, and polymeric microspheres. Diverse kinds of methods are used in the formulation of microsphere e. g. Simple emulsion-based method, Double emulsion-based method, Interfacial deposition technique, Interfacial polymerization technique, Phase separation method, and Spray drying. Microspheres deliver the drug in a controlled manner through different routes like oral, topical, naso-pulmonary and gene therapy. The Polymeric based microspheres are model carriers for numerous controlled delivery applications owing to their capacity to encapsulate a diversity of drugs, bio-compatibility, high bio-availability and continuous drug release character. Therefore, by developing newer techniques, it can give more therapeutic effects and improves the safety of drugs. The formation of microspheres has been reported to increase bioavailability, improves stability, enhances biological half-life and reduces the toxicity of the drug

Desarrollo y evaluación de microesfera de seda Fibroin cargado de isoniacida

Author is also grateful to the CT institute of pharmaceutical sciences Shahpur, Jalandhar, Punjab for making available the research facilities usedObjetivo: La investigación experimental en curso está dedicada a la preparación de microesferas de pequeño tamaño y buena esfericidad mediante el método de separación de fases con isoniazida (INH) como fármaco modélo. La fibroina de seda tiene cualidades intrínsecas únicas como la biodegradabilidad, biocompatibilidad o propiedades de liberación y su capacidad de carga de fármacos ajustable. La aptitud de entrega de carga de las moléculas de fármaco en las esferas de seda estar supeditada a su carga, y la hidrofobicidad o subsiguiente alteración en los perfiles de liberación de fármacos. Métodos: En el presente trabajo la microesfera de fibroina de seda cargada de isoniazida fue preparada utilizando el método de separación de fases. La microesfera fue evaluada por espectroscopia ultravioleta- visible, espectroscopia infrarroja con transformado de Fourier, se midió la eficiencia de atrapamiento y se estudios mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido. Resultados: Estudios con el microscopio de escaneo de electrones revelaron que las microesferas de fibroina cargada de isoniazida eran esféricas. La eficacia de atrapamiento de las microesferas de formulación diferente de F1 a F5 estuvo en el rango de 53 a 68 %. F3 mostró un 68,47 % de eficiencia de atrapamiento y tras optimizar la formulación de liberación de fármacos fue de 93,56 %, a las 24 horas. Conclusión: Esta investigación reveló una nueva formulación de base acuosa para las esferas de seda con forma controlable o la forma y el tamaño de la esfera. Las microesferas de seda cargadas de isoniazida pueden actuar como ideal formulación nano con estudios elaborados.Aim: Current experimental investigation is dedicated to prepare microspheres with small size and good sphericity by Phase Separation method using Isoniazid (INH) as model drug. Silk fibroin has unique intrinsic qualities like biodegradability, biocompatibility or release properties and their tunable drug loading capacity. The delivery loading proficiency of the drug molecules in silk spheres be contingent on their charge, and hydrophobicity or subsequent in altered drug release profiles. Methods: In the present work Isoniazid loaded silk fibroin microsphere was prepared by using phase separation method. Microsphere was evaluated for Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Entrapment efficiency, Scanning electron microscopy Studies. Results: Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that Isoniazid Loaded Silk Fibroin Microspheres were spherical. Entrapment Efficiency of Isoniazid loaded Microspheres of different Formulation from F1 to F5 was in range of 53 to 68 %. F3 showed 68.47 % entrapment Efficiency and the optimized formulation drug release was 93.56 % at 24 hours. Conclusion: Experimental report disclosed a new aqueous based formulation method for silk spheres with controllable shape or size and sphere. Isoniazid loaded silk microspheres may act as ideal nano formulation with elaborated studies

OUTBREAK, EPIDEMIOLOGY, THERAPEUTICS AND PREVENTION OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-2019: A REVIEW

The outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause during December 2019 was reported from Wuhan City, Hubei province capital in China as its epicenter. Symptoms of pneumonia in several patients admitted to hospitals from Wuhan, China during December 2019. The sudden increase in the patients having the same symptoms, in due course the contributing means was isolated from the infected populace. In the present short report, we have summarized various public health measures, viz., early marking of the suspected patient, diagnosis, and supervision of the suspected cases that will help prevent Coronavirus disease in 2019. At the start, it was named as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and later it has been named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently. Within a few weeks of a short period, the virus affected the other of China after Wuhan and later in two to three months, it is present in more than 140 countries around the globe and adding. As of 03rd August 2020, there have been 17.6 million established cases worldwide, and 680, 894 deaths have been documented, with 11,460,074 recovered. Worldwide, multiple trails are going on with the hope to find the treatment and some have positive results. On the other hand, because no vaccine is offered, the precautionary methods are the best way to fight the virus

Desarrollo y evaluación de microesfera de seda Fibroin cargado de isoniacida

Aim: Current experimental investigation is dedicated to prepare microspheres with small size and good sphericity by Phase Separation method using Isoniazid (INH) as model drug. Silk fibroin has unique intrinsic qualities like biodegradability, biocompatibility or release properties and their tunable drug loading capacity. The delivery loading proficiency of the drug molecules in silk spheres be contingent on their charge, and hydrophobicity or subsequent in altered drug release profiles. Methods: In the present work Isoniazid loaded silk fibroin microsphere was prepared by using phase separation method. Microsphere was evaluated for Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Entrapment efficiency, Scanning electron microscopy Studies. Results: Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that Isoniazid Loaded Silk Fibroin Microspheres were spherical. Entrapment Efficiency of Isoniazid loaded Microspheres of different Formulation from F1 to F5 was in range of 53 to 68 %. F3 showed 68.47 % entrapment Efficiency and the optimized formulation drug release was 93.56 % at 24 hours. Conclusion: Experimental report disclosed a new aqueous based formulation method for silk spheres with controllable shape or size and sphere. Isoniazid loaded silk microspheres may act as ideal nano formulation with elaborated studies.Objetivo: La investigación experimental en curso está dedicada a la preparación de microesferas de pequeño tamaño y buena esfericidad mediante el método de separación de fases con isoniazida (INH) como fármaco modélo. La fibroina de seda tiene cualidades intrínsecas únicas como la biodegradabilidad, biocompatibilidad o propiedades de liberación y su capacidad de carga de fármacos ajustable. La aptitud de entrega de carga de las moléculas de fármaco en las esferas de seda estar supeditada a su carga, y la hidrofobicidad o subsiguiente alteración en los perfiles de liberación de fármacos. Métodos: En el presente trabajo la microesfera de fibroina de seda cargada de isoniazida fue preparada utilizando el método de separación de fases. La microesfera fue evaluada por espectroscopia ultravioleta-visible, espectroscopia infrarroja con transformado de Fourier, se midió la eficiencia de atrapamiento y se estudios mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido. Resultados: Estudios con el microscopio de escaneo de electrones revelaron que las microesferas de fibroina cargada de isoniazida eran esféricas. La eficacia de atrapamiento de las microesferas de formulación diferente de F1 a F5 estuvo en el rango de 53 a 68 %. F3 mostró un 68,47 % de eficiencia de atrapamiento y tras optimizar la formulación de liberación de fármacos fue de 93,56 %, a las 24 horas. Conclusión: Esta investigación reveló una nueva formulación de base acuosa para las esferas de seda con forma controlable o la forma y el tamaño de la esfera. Las microesferas de seda cargadas de isoniazida pueden actuar como ideal formulación nano con estudios elaborados

Actividad relajante del músculo esquelético de diferentes formulaciones de niosomas span 60

Introduction: Spasticity is a disease of motor neurons that manifests as accelerated muscle tone and stiffness. The niosomes can be formulated with the aid of proper adjustment of process parameters to enhance baclofen entrapment and sustaining the drug release. Method: The main purpose of this study is to compare different formulations of span 60 niosomes containing baclofen for skeletal muscle relaxant activity on mice (Swiss albino mice) by rota rod method. Results: The particle size of formulated niosomes was in the range of 3.62±0.54-4.08±0.64 µm and these were smooth, circular fit and generally small multilamellar. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was 88.44±0.28 %. The most extreme % cumulative drug release was 87.88±8.66% after 10 h. The formulation stored at 4±2 °C temperature shows better stability (96.65±0.45) contrasted with raised temperature. Swiss albino mice were utilized for in vivo study and displayed improved muscle relaxant action as far as no. of tumbles from rota rod apparatus (p value =0.001) are concerned. Conclusions: Nonetheless, diazepam treated mice were observed to have higher muscle relaxation than any dose of formulation tested. The formulation F9 shows better skeletal muscle relaxant activity as compared to F6, F7, F8 and F10 on mice (Swiss albino mice) by the rota rod technique.Introducción: La espasticidad es una enfermedad de las neuronas motoras que se manifiesta como aceleración del tono muscular y rigidez. Los niosomas se pueden formular con la ayuda de un ajuste adecuado de los parámetros del proceso para mejorar el atrapamiento del baclofeno y mantener la liberación del fármaco. Método: El objetivo principal de este estudio es comparar diferentes formulaciones de niosomas span 60 que contienen baclofeno para la actividad relajante del músculo esquelético en ratones (ratones albinos suizos) mediante el método de rota rod. Resultados: El tamaño de partícula de los niosomas formulados estaba en el rango de 3,62 ± 0,54-4,08 ± 0,64 µm y eran suaves, de ajuste circular y generalmente multilaminares pequeños. La eficiencia de atrapamiento de la formulación optimizada fue 88,44 ± 0,28%. El porcentaje de liberación acumulada de fármaco más extremo fue 87,88 ± 8,66% después de 10 h. La formulación almacenada a una temperatura de 4 ± 2 ° C muestra una mejor estabilidad (96,65 ± 0,45) en comparación con la temperatura elevada. Se utilizaron ratones albinos suizos para el estudio in vivo y mostraron una acción relajante muscular mejorada hasta donde no. de caídas desde el aparato de varilla de rotación (valor de p = 0,001). Conclusiones: No obstante, se observó que los ratones tratados con diazepam tenían una mayor relajación muscular que cualquier dosis de formulación probada. La formulación F9 muestra una mejor actividad relajante del músculo esquelético en comparación con F6, F7, F8 y F10 en ratones (ratones albinos suizos) mediante la técnica de rota rod