Phylogeny of the Subfamilies of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)

A combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed to evaluate the subfamily relationships of the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Data were obtained by coding 135 morphological and 6 biological characters for 131 exemplar species of ichneumonids and 3 species of Braconidae (the latter as outgroups). The species of ichneumonids represent all of the 42 currently recognized subfamilies. In addition, molecular sequence data (cytochrome oxidase I “DNA barcoding” region, the D2 region of 28S rDNA and part of the F2 copy of elongation factor 1-alpha) were obtained from specimens of the same species that were coded for morphology (1309 base pairs total). The data were analyzed using parsimony and Bayesian analyses. The parsimony analysis using all data recovered previ-ously recognized informal subfamily groupings (Pimpliformes, Ophioniformes, Ichneumoniformes), al-though the relationships of these three groups to each other differed from previous studies and some of the subfamily relationships within these groupings had not previously been suggested. Specifically, Ophioni-formes was the sister group to (Ichneumoniformes + Pimplformes), and Labeninae was placed near Ich-neumoniformes, not as sister group to all Ichneumonidae except Xoridinae. The parsimony analysis using only morphological characters was poorly resolved and did not recover any of the three informal subfamily groupings and very few of the relationships were similar to the total-evidence parsimony analysis. The mo-lecular-only parsimony analysis and both Bayesian analyses (total-evidence and molecular-only) recovered Pimpliformes, a restricted Ichneumoniformes grouping and many of the subfamily groupings recovered in the total-evidence parsimony analysis. A comparison and discussion of the results obtained by each phylo-genetic method and different data sets is provided. It is concluded that the molecular characters produced results that were relatively consistent with traditional, non-phylogenetic concepts of relationships between the ichneumonid subfamilies, whereas the morphological characters did not (at least not by themselves). The inclusion of both molecular and morphological characters using parsimony produced a topology that was the closest to the traditional subfamily relationships. The method of analysis did not greatly affect the overall topology for the molecular-only analyses, but there were differences between Bayesian and parsi-mony results for the total-evidence analyses (especially near the root of the tree). The Bayesian results did not seem to be altered very much by the inclusion of morphological characters, unlike in the parsimony analysis. In summary, the following groups were supported in multiple analyses regardless of the characters used or method of tree-building: Pimpliformes, higher Ophioniformes, higher Pimpliformes, (Claseinae + Pedunculinae), (Banchinae + Stilbopinae), Campopleginae, Cremastinae, Diplazontinae, Ichneumoninae (including Alomya), Labeninae, Ophioninae, Poemeniinae, Rhyssinae, and Tersilochinae sensu stricto. Conversely, Ctenopelmatinae and Tryphoninae were never recovered without inclusion of other taxa. Based on the hypothesis of relationships obtained by the total-evidence parsimony analysis, the following formal taxonomic changes are proposed: Alomyinae Förster (= Alomya Panzer and Megalomya Uchida) is once again synonymized with Ichneumoninae and is now considered a tribe (Alomyini rev. stat.); and Notostilbops Townes is transferred from Stilbopinae to Banchinae, tribe Atrophini

A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica

Volume: 57Start Page: 1End Page: 30

The phylogeny, classification and evolution of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae (Ichneumonidae)

Volume: 51Start Page: 61End Page: 18

The Re-definition of Pimpline Genus Hymenoepimecis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with a Description of a Plesiomorphic New Costa Rican Species

Volume: 9Start Page: 213End Page: 21

Temelucha apicalis Cresson 1865

Temelucha apicalis (Cresson, 1865) Porizon apicalis Cresson, 1865: 48. Temelucha apicalis (Cresson, 1865). Assigned by Townes and Townes (1966). Holotype 3 (IES # 387) lacking wings. The mesosoma is matt, yellowish brown with a slight central infuscation on the propodeum, and the legs are uniformly yellow.Published as part of Gauld, Ian D. & Fernández-Triana, José L., 2010, Type condition and generic placement of Cuban species of Ichneumonidae described by Cresson and collected by Gundlach, pp. 41-50 in Zootaxa 2394 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19391

Ophiopterus cincticornis Cresson 1865

Ophiopterus cincticornis (Cresson, 1865) Trachynotus cincticornis Cresson, 1865: 49. Ophiopterus cincticornis (Cresson, 1865). Assigned by Townes and Townes (1966). Cresson described this species from a male (IES # 103) and a female deposited in the ANSP. Townes and Townes (1966: 204) designated the female in ANSP as the lectotype. The IES specimen, labeled as a female, lacks most of the wings and the hind end of the metasoma; it is presumably the male paralectotype.Published as part of Gauld, Ian D. & Fernández-Triana, José L., 2010, Type condition and generic placement of Cuban species of Ichneumonidae described by Cresson and collected by Gundlach, pp. 41-50 in Zootaxa 2394 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19391

Cryptanura strenua Cresson 1865

Cryptanura strenua (Cresson, 1865) Mesostenus strenuus Cresson, 1865: 26. Cryptanura strenua (Cresson, 1865). Assigned by Townes and Townes (1966). Holotype 3 (IES # 184) in good condition. The original description stated that this species could be the male of M. robustus (Cryptanura robusta), a suggestion that can now be discounted as both the male of robusta and female of strenua are known. C. strenua has the mesopleuron almost entirely black (vs. extensively pale in C. robusta) and pale mark around propodeal apophysis not reaching hind end of propodeum (vs. reaching in C. robusta).Published as part of Gauld, Ian D. & Fernández-Triana, José L., 2010, Type condition and generic placement of Cuban species of Ichneumonidae described by Cresson and collected by Gundlach, pp. 41-50 in Zootaxa 2394 on page 44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19391

Lissonota cincta Cresson 1865, comb. nov.

Lissonota cincta (Cresson, 1865) comb. nov. Tryphon cinctus Cresson, 1865: 16. Holotype 3 (IES # 437) lacking part of wings, although small rhombic areolet discernible. Transverse carina of propodeum very weak, tergite II punctate and antennae with white bands. The species is possibly related to the Central American species L. horpa Ugalde et Gauld, 2002.Published as part of Gauld, Ian D. & Fernández-Triana, José L., 2010, Type condition and generic placement of Cuban species of Ichneumonidae described by Cresson and collected by Gundlach, pp. 41-50 in Zootaxa 2394 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19391