The west experimental area at the CERN SPS (Revised version after T1 displacement)

The West Area at the CERN SPS has recently been rebuilt to provide two versatile secondary and/or tertiary test beams, the X5 and X7, which each have been upgraded to a top momentum of 250 GeV/c. In this note we describe the design, operational modes and performance of these new West Area beams.This is a revision of a previous report CERN SL-99-013 EA, updated following the displacement of the T1 primary target

The West Experimental Area at the CERN SPS

The West Area at the CERN SPS has recently been rebuilt to provide two versatile secondary and/or tertiary test beams, the X5 and X7, which each have been upgraded to a top momentum of 250 GeV/c. In this note we describe the design, operational modes and performance of these new West Area beams

Where to Install the I224 Detector

Recently M.Ambrosio et al have submitted a Letter of Intent to the SPSC, in which they propose to expose a neutrino detector (much smaller but of a type similar to Monolith) to the neutrinos that accompany the M2 muon beam in the CERN North Area. In fact a significant neutrino flux (almost 2 10^9 nu per SPS cycle) is produced during the muon running of COMPASS at full intensity, out of which some 5 10^8 would traverse a detector with a section of 2 meters diameter. These neutrinos pass well below the COMPASS experiment, located in experimental hall EHN2. The neutrino detector will be housed in a new experimental hall, with a floor level, depending on the site chosen, several meters underground. On their way towards the detector, the neutrinos would traverse one or several RF cavities, recuperated from LEP, which may induce neutrino oscillations. Another part of the proposal addresses the question of speed of flight of the neutrinos by measuring the time difference between the neutrino interaction and the time of the muon from the same pion decay. This note compares and proposes suitable locations for the different detector components

CLIC Muon Sweeper Design

There are several background sources which may affect the analysis of data and detector performans at the CLIC project. One of the important background source is halo muons, which are generated along the beam delivery system (BDS), for the detector performance. In order to reduce muon background, magnetized muon sweepers have been used as a shielding material that is already described in a previous study for CLIC [1]. The realistic muon sweeper has been designed with OPERA. The design parameters of muon sweeper have also been used to estimate muon background reduction with BDSIM Monte Carlo simulation code [2, 3].Comment: Talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS15), Whistler, Canada, 2-6 November 2015, 7 pages, 6 figure

Incumbent Defense Strategies Against New Product Entry

The objective of this study is to estimate the effectiveness of different defense strategies when faced with a new product introduction by a competitor. Using a sample of in cumbentsacross a wide range of industries, we find that faster reactions to the new entrant have a positive impact on the perceived success of the defense strategy. However, the greater the breadth of reaction (number of marketing mix instruments used), the less successful is the defense. The ability of an incumbent to maintain its market position is also significantly affected by industry characteristics and the degree of competitive threat posed by the new product entry

The simultaneous and nearly-collinear K0K^{0} beams for experiment NA48

A system of simultaneous and nearly-collinear beams of long- and short-lived neutral kaons has been installed and extensively studied. These beams form an integral part of the NA48 experiment at the CERN SPS, which aims to study direct CP-violation. The beam splitting is achieved by a novel application of a bent silicon crystal. The principles and design of these beams, as well as their performance are described

The simultaneous long- and short-lived neutral kaon beams for experiment NA48

Simultaneous, nearly-collinear beams of long- and short-lived neutral kaons are an essential feature of the precision CP-violation experiment NA48 *) at the SPS. The present report describes the design and performance of these beams in relation to the requirements of the experiment

Successful new product development by optimizing development process effectiveness in highly regulated sectors: the case of the Spanish medical devices sector

Rapid development and commercialization of new products is of vital importance for small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in regulated sectors. Due to strict regulations, competitive advantage can hardly be achieved through the effectiveness of product concepts only. If an SME in a highly regulated sector wants to excell in new product development (NPD) performance, the company should focus on the flexibility, speed, and productivity of its NPD function: i.e. the development process effectiveness. Our main research goals are first to explore if SMEs should focus on their their development process effectiveness rather than on their product concept effectiveness to achieve high NPD performance; and second, to explore whether a shared pattern in the organization of the NPD function can be recognized to affect NPD performance positively. The medical devices sector in Spain is used as an example of a\ud highly regulated sector. A structured survey among 11 SMEs, of which 2 were studied also as in in-depth case studies, led to the following results. First of all, indeed the companies in the dataset which focused on the effectiveness of their development process, stood out in NPD performance. Further, the higher performing companies did have a number of commonalities in the organisation of their NPD function: 1) The majority of the higher performing firms had an NPD strategy characterized by a predominantly incremental project portfolio.\ud 2) a) Successful firms with an incremental project portfolio combined this with a functional team structure b) Successful firms with a radical project portfolio combined this with a heavyweight or autonomous team structure.\ud 3) A negative reciprocal relationship exists between formalization of the NPD processes and the climate of the NPD function, in that a formalized NPD process and an innovative climate do not seem to reinforce each other. Innovative climate combined with an informal NPD process does however contribute positively to NPD performance. This effect was stronger in combination with a radical project portfolio. The highest NPD performance was measured for companies focusing mainly on incremental innovation. It is argued that in highly regulated sectors, companies with an incremental product portfolio would benefit from employing a functional structure. Those companies who choose for a more radical project portfolio in highly regulated sectors should be aware\ud that they are likely to excell only in the longer term by focusing on strategic flexibility. In their NPD organization, they might be well advised to combine informal innovation processes with an innovative climate

Experimental Determination of the Characteristics of a Positron Source Using Channeling

Numerical simulations and `proof of principle' experiments showed clearly the interest of using crystals as photon generators dedicated to intense positron sources for linear colliders. An experimental investigation, using a 10 GeV secondary electron beam, of the SPS-CERN, impinging on an axially oriented thick tungsten crystal, has been prepared and operated between May and August 2000. After a short recall on the main features of positron sources using channeling in oriented crystals, the experimental set-up is described. A particular emphasis is put on the positron detector made of a drift chamber, partially immersed in a magnetic field. The enhancement in photon and positron production in the aligned crystal have been observed in the energy range 5 to 40 GeV, for the incident electrons, in crystals of 4 and 8 mm as in an hybrid target. The first results concerning this experiment are presented hereafter.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Linac200